Diet quality, psychological factors and their associations with risk factors of cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional pilot study.

IF 3.3 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health Pub Date : 2024-12-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001037
Sanna Nybacka, Anneli Peolsson, Per Leanderson, Mireille Ryden
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Abstract

Background: Several modifiable risk factors, including dietary habits, are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. However, lifestyle changes remain notoriously challenging, perhaps due to psychosocial factors. This pilot study aims to investigate the relationship between adherence to a healthy diet, CVD risk factors, psychological factors and sociodemographic variables among middle-aged adults in Sweden.

Methods: Data were collected from March to December 2012 in the SCAPIS diet sub-study, where a total of 200 participants aged 50-64 years were enrolled. Dietary intake was assessed using the MiniMeal-Q food frequency questionnaire, and adherence to healthy eating patterns was evaluated using the Diet Quality Index-Swedish Nutrition Recommendations (DQI-SNR). Psychological factors, stress and sleep patterns were assessed through a comprehensive questionnaire. Statistical analyses included t-tests, analysis of variance, X2 tests and logistic regression to identify predictors of unfavourable apolipoprotein (Apo) B/Apo A1 ratios.

Results: Out of 200 participants, 182 had complete and reliable dietary data. The majority exhibited intermediate adherence to a healthy diet, with women showing better adherence to dietary fibre intake compared with men. Women with high dietary quality had better cardiovascular profiles, including higher levels of Apo A1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower Apo B/Apo A1 ratios and higher plasma carotenoids. Significant predictors of unfavourable Apo B/Apo A1 ratios included low socioeconomic status (SES), higher body mass index, larger waist circumference and smoking. Stratified adjusted analyses revealed distinct predictors based on SES, with depression increasing the OR of an unfavourable lipid profile by 6.41 times (p=0.019) in low SES areas.

Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of tailored recommendations considering socioeconomic and psychological factors. Addressing mental health and promoting physical activity may be crucial for CVD risk reduction, particularly in low SES areas. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger cohorts and to develop targeted interventions for diverse population groups.

饮食质量、心理因素及其与心血管疾病危险因素的关联:一项横断面试点研究
背景:一些可改变的危险因素,包括饮食习惯,与心血管疾病(CVD)的进展有关。然而,生活方式的改变仍然是非常具有挑战性的,这可能是由于社会心理因素。这项试点研究旨在调查瑞典中年人坚持健康饮食、心血管疾病风险因素、心理因素和社会人口变量之间的关系。方法:收集2012年3月至12月SCAPIS饮食亚研究的数据,共纳入200名年龄在50-64岁的参与者。膳食摄入量采用minimemal - q食物频率问卷进行评估,健康饮食模式依从性采用饮食质量指数-瑞典营养建议(DQI-SNR)进行评估。心理因素、压力和睡眠模式通过一份综合问卷进行评估。统计分析包括t检验、方差分析、X2检验和logistic回归,以确定不利载脂蛋白(Apo) B/Apo A1比值的预测因素。结果:在200名参与者中,182人有完整可靠的饮食数据。大多数人对健康饮食表现出中等程度的坚持,与男性相比,女性对膳食纤维摄入的坚持程度更高。饮食质量高的女性心血管状况更好,包括载脂蛋白A1和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较高,载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1比率较低,血浆类胡萝卜素较高。不利的Apo B/Apo A1比值的重要预测因素包括低社会经济地位(SES)、较高的体重指数、较大的腰围和吸烟。分层调整分析揭示了基于社会经济地位的不同预测因素,在低社会经济地位地区,抑郁使不利血脂的OR增加了6.41倍(p=0.019)。结论:本研究强调了考虑社会经济和心理因素的量身定制推荐的潜力。解决心理健康问题和促进身体活动可能对降低心血管疾病风险至关重要,特别是在低社会经济地位地区。需要进一步的研究来在更大的队列中证实这些发现,并为不同的人群制定有针对性的干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health Nursing-Nutrition and Dietetics
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
34
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