{"title":"Performance evaluation of the amperometric total residual oxidant sensor with the electrochlorination-based Ballast Water Management System.","authors":"Xunzhou Li, Jinjin Song, Fengqi Xu, Ying Li, Tingyong Wang, Zhilei Wang, Wei Liu, Chao Li","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.006","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, performance studies on the amperometric total residual oxidant (TRO) sensor are only in the bench test stage and have not been conducted under specific maritime conditions with Ballast Water Management System (BWMS). In this study, the application of the amperometric TRO sensor in land-based biological efficacy (BE) testing, operation and maintenance (O&M) testing, as well as shipboard (SB) testing, was explored by comparing with the existing di-phenylene-diamine (DPD) TRO sensor. The results showed that the average TRO measurement deviation between the amperometric sensor and the DPD sensor was within ±10% in valid BE test cycles and the O&M testing exceeding 47 operating hours. The TRO value measured by amperometric sensor exhibited significant fluctuations, but the improved control logic could achieve smoothing out the fluctuation, with stability comparable to or even higher than that of the DPD sensor. The practicality and reliability of the amperometric sensor in electrochlorination-based BWMS were further verified through SB testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 2","pages":"192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.006","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/15 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Nowadays, performance studies on the amperometric total residual oxidant (TRO) sensor are only in the bench test stage and have not been conducted under specific maritime conditions with Ballast Water Management System (BWMS). In this study, the application of the amperometric TRO sensor in land-based biological efficacy (BE) testing, operation and maintenance (O&M) testing, as well as shipboard (SB) testing, was explored by comparing with the existing di-phenylene-diamine (DPD) TRO sensor. The results showed that the average TRO measurement deviation between the amperometric sensor and the DPD sensor was within ±10% in valid BE test cycles and the O&M testing exceeding 47 operating hours. The TRO value measured by amperometric sensor exhibited significant fluctuations, but the improved control logic could achieve smoothing out the fluctuation, with stability comparable to or even higher than that of the DPD sensor. The practicality and reliability of the amperometric sensor in electrochlorination-based BWMS were further verified through SB testing.
期刊介绍：
Water Science and Technology publishes peer-reviewed papers on all aspects of the science and technology of water and wastewater. Papers are selected by a rigorous peer review procedure with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, development and application of new techniques, and related managerial and policy issues. Scientists, engineers, consultants, managers and policy-makers will find this journal essential as a permanent record of progress of research activities and their practical applications.
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