{"title":"Synthetic MR: Clinical applications in neuroradiology.","authors":"Smily Sharma, Abhishek Nayak, Bejoy Thomas, Chandrasekharan Kesavadas","doi":"10.1007/s00234-025-03547-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Synthetic MR is a quantitative MRI method that measures tissue relaxation times and generates multiple contrast-weighted images using suitable algorithms. The present article principally discusses the multiple dynamic multiple echo (MDME) technique of synthetic MR and briefly describes other quantitative MR sequences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using illustrative cases, various applications of the MDME sequence in neuroradiology are explained. The MDME sequence allows rapid quantification of tissue relaxation times in a scan duration of 5-7 minutes for full brain coverage. It also has the additional advantages of myelin quantification and automatic segmentation of brain volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Applications including reducing scan time, improved detection of demyelinating plaques in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), objective assessment and follow-up for brain atrophy in neurodegenerative MS and dementia cases, and applications in stroke imaging and neuro-oncology are discussed. Uses in the pediatric population, including assessment of brain development and progression of myelination in children, evaluation of white matter disorders, and evaluation of pediatric and adult epilepsy, are elaborated. Quantitative evaluation by synthetic MR is discussed, which allows homogenization and objectification of the radiology data and can serve as a valuable source for artificial intelligence and future multicentre studies. A brief discussion on the technique, other quantitative MR methods, and limitations of the MDME sequence is also presented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The article intends to provide an explicit and comprehensive review of the applications of synthetic MR in neuroradiology, exploring its potential as a routine sequence in daily neuroimaging practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19422,"journal":{"name":"Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neuroradiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-025-03547-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Synthetic MR is a quantitative MRI method that measures tissue relaxation times and generates multiple contrast-weighted images using suitable algorithms. The present article principally discusses the multiple dynamic multiple echo (MDME) technique of synthetic MR and briefly describes other quantitative MR sequences.
Methods: Using illustrative cases, various applications of the MDME sequence in neuroradiology are explained. The MDME sequence allows rapid quantification of tissue relaxation times in a scan duration of 5-7 minutes for full brain coverage. It also has the additional advantages of myelin quantification and automatic segmentation of brain volumes.
Results: Applications including reducing scan time, improved detection of demyelinating plaques in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), objective assessment and follow-up for brain atrophy in neurodegenerative MS and dementia cases, and applications in stroke imaging and neuro-oncology are discussed. Uses in the pediatric population, including assessment of brain development and progression of myelination in children, evaluation of white matter disorders, and evaluation of pediatric and adult epilepsy, are elaborated. Quantitative evaluation by synthetic MR is discussed, which allows homogenization and objectification of the radiology data and can serve as a valuable source for artificial intelligence and future multicentre studies. A brief discussion on the technique, other quantitative MR methods, and limitations of the MDME sequence is also presented.
Conclusion: The article intends to provide an explicit and comprehensive review of the applications of synthetic MR in neuroradiology, exploring its potential as a routine sequence in daily neuroimaging practice.
期刊介绍：
Neuroradiology aims to provide state-of-the-art medical and scientific information in the fields of Neuroradiology, Neurosciences, Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and related medical specialities. Neuroradiology as the official Journal of the European Society of Neuroradiology receives submissions from all parts of the world and publishes peer-reviewed original research, comprehensive reviews, educational papers, opinion papers, and short reports on exceptional clinical observations and new technical developments in the field of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention. The journal has subsections for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Advanced Neuroimaging, Paediatric Neuroradiology, Head-Neck-ENT Radiology, Spine Neuroradiology, and for submissions from Japan. Neuroradiology aims to provide new knowledge about and insights into the function and pathology of the human nervous system that may help to better diagnose and treat nervous system diseases. Neuroradiology is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and follows the COPE core practices. Neuroradiology prefers articles that are free of bias, self-critical regarding limitations, transparent and clear in describing study participants, methods, and statistics, and short in presenting results. Before peer-review all submissions are automatically checked by iThenticate to assess for potential overlap in prior publication.
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