Dexmedetomidine alleviates acute kidney injury in a rat model of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

IF 2.8 Q2 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI:10.1186/s40635-025-00720-4

Min Yu, Shilin Wei, Xueyang Shen, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu, Xiangyang Wu, Yongnan Li

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Abstract

Background: Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective technique for life support, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) during ECMO support remains high. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), which has been widely used for sedation during ECMO, possesses several properties that help reduce the occurrence of AKI. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of DEX on kidney function during ECMO.

Methods: A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, ECMO, and ECMO + DEX groups. ECMO was established through the right jugular vein for venous drainage and right femoral artery for arterial infusion and lasts for four hours. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the kidney Paller score for the rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of kidney injury biomarkers and cytokines in the serum. Reagent kits were used to measure the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels, which helped determine kidney function. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate neutrophil infiltration in the kidney.

Results: The pathological Paller score was substantially lower in the ECMO + DEX group. The levels of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were also significantly reduced. The kidney functionality, as indicated by BUN and Cr, was significantly improved compared with the ECMO group. The levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, were also significantly decreased in the ECMO + DEX group.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine could reduce inflammatory response and alleviate AKI during ECMO support.

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右美托咪定减轻大鼠静脉-动脉体外膜氧合模型急性肾损伤。

背景：尽管体外膜氧合（ECMO）是一种有效的生命支持技术，但在ECMO支持期间急性肾损伤（AKI）的发生率仍然很高。右美托咪定（DEX）被广泛用于ECMO期间的镇静，它具有一些有助于减少AKI发生的特性。本研究旨在探讨DEX对ECMO期间肾功能的保护作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠18只，随机分为Sham组、ECMO组和ECMO + DEX组。ECMO通过右颈静脉进行静脉引流，右股动脉进行动脉灌注，持续4小时。采用苏木精、伊红染色法评价各组大鼠肾Paller评分。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中肾损伤生物标志物和细胞因子水平。用试剂盒测定血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）水平，以确定肾功能。采用免疫组化染色评价肾脏中性粒细胞浸润情况。结果：ECMO + DEX组病理Paller评分明显降低。肾损伤分子-1 （KIM-1）和n -乙酰-β- d -氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）水平也显著降低。与ECMO组相比，BUN和Cr显示肾功能明显改善。ECMO + DEX组细胞因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平也显著降低。结论：本研究表明右美托咪定可以减轻ECMO支持期间的炎症反应，减轻AKI。

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