FLT3-mutated AML: immune evasion through exosome-mediated mechanisms and innovative combination therapies targeting immune escape.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-07 DOI:10.1080/14737140.2025.2461632

Mohamed J Saadh, Waleed K Abdulsahib, Dilfuza Ashurova, Gaurav Sanghvi, Suhas Ballal, Rsk Sharma, Piyus Kumar Pathak, Shankhyan Aman, Abhinav Kumar, Fadhil Feez Sead, M V N L Chaitanya

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal myeloid cells. Besides several other genetic abnormalities developed in AML, FLT3 mutations are significant due to their worse prognostic impacts and therapeutic resistance. As a result, these mutations enable AML cells to develop mechanisms for evading immune surveillance.

Areas covered: This review discusses the ways of immune escape of FLT3-mutated AML cells. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering articles published between 2010 and 2024 with related keywords. The discussion covers AML cells' downregulation of immune recognition markers, expression of immune checkpoint proteins, and establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Specific attention is given to small extracellular vesicles and their participation in immune escape. The focus is on exosome-mediated pathways and possible combination therapies.

Expert opinion: FLT3 mutations in AML represent a formidable therapeutic challenge due to their crucial role in immune evasion. Exosomes are major players in these processes. Combination therapies targeting the exosome pathway could significantly improve these patients' immune recognition and overall outcomes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms, including targeted therapies, will be required to transcend existing therapeutic limitations and push newer strategies in treatment.

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来源期刊

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

3.00%

发文量

100

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy (ISSN 1473-7140) provides expert appraisal and commentary on the major trends in cancer care and highlights the performance of new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Coverage includes tumor management, novel medicines, anticancer agents and chemotherapy, biological therapy, cancer vaccines, therapeutic indications, biomarkers and diagnostics, and treatment guidelines. All articles are subject to rigorous peer-review, and the journal makes an essential contribution to decision-making in cancer care. Comprehensive coverage in each review is complemented by the unique Expert Review format and includes the following sections: Expert Opinion - a personal view of the data presented in the article, a discussion on the developments that are likely to be important in the future, and the avenues of research likely to become exciting as further studies yield more detailed results Article Highlights – an executive summary of the author’s most critical points.