{"title":"Pretreatment of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin based on deep eutectic solvent containing a reversibly-soluble base.","authors":"Hui-Jun Liu, Da-Yu Sun, Lei Yang, Guang-Hui Ma, Rong-Ying Xia, Zi-Qi Wang, Ming-Zhu Yao, Li-Jing Gao, Rui-Ping Wei, Xiao-Mei Pan, Guo-Min Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140452","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pretreatment with green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is conducive to realizing the high-efficiency utilization of lignin at a low cost. In this study, an innovative choline chloride/urea/calcium hydroxide (ChCl/UR/Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) DES containing a reversibly-soluble base Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> was developed for the pretreatment of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL). The lignin pretreatment effects of the proposed ChCl/UR/Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> DES were compare with a series of DESs. The results indicated that ChCl/UR/20 % Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> with a reversibly-soluble base addition of 20 % was permitted to achieve the optimal recovery yield of 81.067 % under mild conditions (80 °C, 7 h). The physical and chemical structure, molecular weight, thermal stability, content of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and recycling performance of DES were compared between ChCl/UR-L and ChCl/UR/20 % Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>-L. The results showed that ChCl/UR/20 % Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>-L retained the lignin skeleton structure and possessed preferable thermal stability and antioxidant activity, which was mainly attributed to the homogeneous molecular structure and abundant phenolic hydroxyl group contents. ChCl/UR/20 % Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> was more advantageous for recycling, maintaining a lignin recovery yield of 57.400 % after 5 cycles, which was higher than that of most acidic and neutral DESs for regenerating lignin. This work provides a valuable reference on the valorization of lignin by using renewable DES.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"140452"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140452","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The pretreatment with green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is conducive to realizing the high-efficiency utilization of lignin at a low cost. In this study, an innovative choline chloride/urea/calcium hydroxide (ChCl/UR/Ca(OH)2) DES containing a reversibly-soluble base Ca(OH)2 was developed for the pretreatment of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL). The lignin pretreatment effects of the proposed ChCl/UR/Ca(OH)2 DES were compare with a series of DESs. The results indicated that ChCl/UR/20 % Ca(OH)2 with a reversibly-soluble base addition of 20 % was permitted to achieve the optimal recovery yield of 81.067 % under mild conditions (80 °C, 7 h). The physical and chemical structure, molecular weight, thermal stability, content of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and recycling performance of DES were compared between ChCl/UR-L and ChCl/UR/20 % Ca(OH)2-L. The results showed that ChCl/UR/20 % Ca(OH)2-L retained the lignin skeleton structure and possessed preferable thermal stability and antioxidant activity, which was mainly attributed to the homogeneous molecular structure and abundant phenolic hydroxyl group contents. ChCl/UR/20 % Ca(OH)2 was more advantageous for recycling, maintaining a lignin recovery yield of 57.400 % after 5 cycles, which was higher than that of most acidic and neutral DESs for regenerating lignin. This work provides a valuable reference on the valorization of lignin by using renewable DES.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Biological Macromolecules is a well-established international journal dedicated to research on the chemical and biological aspects of natural macromolecules. Focusing on proteins, macromolecular carbohydrates, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, lignins, biological poly-acids, and nucleic acids, the journal presents the latest findings in molecular structure, properties, biological activities, interactions, modifications, and functional properties. Papers must offer new and novel insights, encompassing related model systems, structural conformational studies, theoretical developments, and analytical techniques. Each paper is required to primarily focus on at least one named biological macromolecule, reflected in the title, abstract, and text.
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