{"title":"Hypersensitivity Reactions to Anticonvulsants.","authors":"Unaiza Faizan, Allison Ramsey","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01188-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antiepileptics are the mainstay of treatment for seizure management. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions associated with antiepileptics are common. It is important to differentiate between these reactions as management and prognosis varies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review article aims to describe the types of hypersensitivity reactions reported with antiepileptics with emphasis on delayed hypersensitivity reactions, as these can be life-threatening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online databases including PubMed and Cochrane were searched, from the inception of the literature to 5/10/24. Studies focusing on hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptics were reviewed. Case reports, case series, observational studies, and clinical trials were included. Abstracts and studies published in languages other than English were not included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediate reactions can occur with antiepileptics however the incidence is lower than that of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions include benign rash as well as severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Steven Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis are discussed in detail in this review. We focused on pathogenesis, genetic predisposition, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe cutaneous adverse reactions can be lethal. It is important to make the correct diagnosis and treat patients accordingly. More studies comparing therapeutic options head-to-head are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-024-01188-0","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ALLERGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Antiepileptics are the mainstay of treatment for seizure management. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions associated with antiepileptics are common. It is important to differentiate between these reactions as management and prognosis varies.
Objective: This review article aims to describe the types of hypersensitivity reactions reported with antiepileptics with emphasis on delayed hypersensitivity reactions, as these can be life-threatening.
Methods: Online databases including PubMed and Cochrane were searched, from the inception of the literature to 5/10/24. Studies focusing on hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptics were reviewed. Case reports, case series, observational studies, and clinical trials were included. Abstracts and studies published in languages other than English were not included.
Results: Immediate reactions can occur with antiepileptics however the incidence is lower than that of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions include benign rash as well as severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Steven Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis are discussed in detail in this review. We focused on pathogenesis, genetic predisposition, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis.
Conclusion: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions can be lethal. It is important to make the correct diagnosis and treat patients accordingly. More studies comparing therapeutic options head-to-head are needed.
期刊介绍：
The aim of Current Allergy and Asthma Reports is to systematically provide the views of highly selected experts on current advances in the fields of allergy and asthma and highlight the most important papers recently published. All reviews are intended to facilitate the understanding of new advances in science for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of allergy and asthma.
We accomplish this aim by appointing international experts in major subject areas across the discipline to review select topics emphasizing recent developments and highlighting important new papers and emerging concepts. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Over a one- to two-year period, readers are updated on all the major advances in allergy and asthma.
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