Hypersensitivity Reactions to Anticonvulsants.

IF 5.4 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI:10.1007/s11882-024-01188-0

Unaiza Faizan, Allison Ramsey

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Antiepileptics are the mainstay of treatment for seizure management. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions associated with antiepileptics are common. It is important to differentiate between these reactions as management and prognosis varies.

Objective: This review article aims to describe the types of hypersensitivity reactions reported with antiepileptics with emphasis on delayed hypersensitivity reactions, as these can be life-threatening.

Methods: Online databases including PubMed and Cochrane were searched, from the inception of the literature to 5/10/24. Studies focusing on hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptics were reviewed. Case reports, case series, observational studies, and clinical trials were included. Abstracts and studies published in languages other than English were not included.

Results: Immediate reactions can occur with antiepileptics however the incidence is lower than that of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions include benign rash as well as severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Steven Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis are discussed in detail in this review. We focused on pathogenesis, genetic predisposition, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis.

Conclusion: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions can be lethal. It is important to make the correct diagnosis and treat patients accordingly. More studies comparing therapeutic options head-to-head are needed.

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抗惊厥药的过敏反应。

背景：抗癫痫药物是癫痫发作管理的主要治疗手段。与抗癫痫药物相关的即时和延迟超敏反应是常见的。随着治疗和预后的不同，区分这些反应是很重要的。目的：这篇综述文章旨在描述与抗癫痫药物报道的超敏反应的类型，重点是延迟的超敏反应，因为这些反应可能危及生命。方法：检索PubMed、Cochrane等在线数据库，检索时间从文献开始到5/10/24。综述了抗癫痫药物超敏反应的研究进展。包括病例报告、病例系列、观察性研究和临床试验。以英语以外的语言发表的摘要和研究未包括在内。结果：抗癫痫药可发生立即反应，但发生率低于迟发性超敏反应。迟发性超敏反应包括良性皮疹和严重的皮肤不良反应。本文就急性全身性脓疱病、伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身症状的药物皮疹、史蒂文·约翰逊综合征和中毒性表皮坏死松解症进行了详细的讨论。我们关注的是发病机制、遗传易感性、临床表现、治疗和预后。结论：严重的皮肤不良反应可致人死亡。正确的诊断和治疗是非常重要的。需要更多的研究来比较不同的治疗方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 医学-过敏

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

1.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The aim of Current Allergy and Asthma Reports is to systematically provide the views of highly selected experts on current advances in the fields of allergy and asthma and highlight the most important papers recently published. All reviews are intended to facilitate the understanding of new advances in science for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of allergy and asthma. We accomplish this aim by appointing international experts in major subject areas across the discipline to review select topics emphasizing recent developments and highlighting important new papers and emerging concepts. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Over a one- to two-year period, readers are updated on all the major advances in allergy and asthma.