Seed bacterization with siderophore-producing bacteria: a strategy to enhance growth and alkaloid content in Catharanthus roseus.

Abstract

Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant widely known for producing monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), including therapeutic compounds such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are crucial for cancer treatment. However, the naturally low concentration of these alkaloids in plant tissues poses a significant challenge for large-scale production. This study explores the application of siderophore-producing bacteria for seed bacterization of Catharanthus roseus to enhance the production of MIAs, including vindoline, catharanthine, and vinblastine. Utilizing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), we observed a significant increase in the concentration of these alkaloids in bacterized plants compared to controls. FTIR spectra of treated plants showed strong correlations with standard alkaloid mixtures, confirming higher alkaloid accumulation. Our findings demonstrate that bacterial siderophores play a vital role in optimizing iron uptake, which is crucial for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This research highlights the potential of using microbial biotechnology to improve the yield of valuable pharmaceutical compounds in medicinal plants. Enhancing the biosynthetic pathways of MIAs offers a sustainable and efficient strategy for boosting the production of key therapeutic alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus, paving the way for advanced biotechnological applications in plant-based drug production.