{"title":"Development and optimization of raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule based hydrogel for transdermal delivery.","authors":"Shashank Chaturvedi, Arushi Gaur, Anuj Garg","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2025.2457312","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Development and optimization of raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule hydrogel for transdermal delivery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A 3<sup>3</sup> Box-Behnken Design and numerical optimization was performed to obtain the optimized formulation. Subsequently, the optimized raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule was developed using phase inversion temperature and characterized for physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the optimized lipid nanocapsule was loaded into a hydrogel and evaluated for rheology, spreadability, ex-vivo skin permeation, deposition and irritation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The numerical optimization suggested an optimal formula with desirability value of 0.852 and low prediction errors. The optimized formulation showed good % drug entrapment efficiency (79.56 ± 2.34%), nanometer size (56.68 ± 1.2 nm), monodisperse nature (PDI = 0.176 ± 0.2), spherical morphology and good drug-excipient compatibility. The raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule hydrogel showed shear thinning properties, sustained drug delivery, dermal compatibility and significantly higher permeability (2-fold), retention (3.37) for raloxifene hydrochloride compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed a successful development of raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule hydrogel with improved skin permeation, retention, and good topical compatibility. This formulation may overcome the challenges associated with raloxifene hydrochloride oral delivery including low bioavailability.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Therapeutic delivery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20415990.2025.2457312","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Aim: Development and optimization of raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule hydrogel for transdermal delivery.
Method: A 33 Box-Behnken Design and numerical optimization was performed to obtain the optimized formulation. Subsequently, the optimized raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule was developed using phase inversion temperature and characterized for physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the optimized lipid nanocapsule was loaded into a hydrogel and evaluated for rheology, spreadability, ex-vivo skin permeation, deposition and irritation.
Results: The numerical optimization suggested an optimal formula with desirability value of 0.852 and low prediction errors. The optimized formulation showed good % drug entrapment efficiency (79.56 ± 2.34%), nanometer size (56.68 ± 1.2 nm), monodisperse nature (PDI = 0.176 ± 0.2), spherical morphology and good drug-excipient compatibility. The raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule hydrogel showed shear thinning properties, sustained drug delivery, dermal compatibility and significantly higher permeability (2-fold), retention (3.37) for raloxifene hydrochloride compared to the control.
Conclusion: The present study showed a successful development of raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule hydrogel with improved skin permeation, retention, and good topical compatibility. This formulation may overcome the challenges associated with raloxifene hydrochloride oral delivery including low bioavailability.
期刊介绍：
Delivering therapeutics in a way that is right for the patient - safe, painless, reliable, targeted, efficient and cost effective - is the fundamental aim of scientists working in this area. Correspondingly, this evolving field has already yielded a diversity of delivery methods, including injectors, controlled release formulations, drug eluting implants and transdermal patches. Rapid technological advances and the desire to improve the efficacy and safety profile of existing medications by specific targeting to the site of action, combined with the drive to improve patient compliance, continue to fuel rapid research progress. Furthermore, the emergence of cell-based therapeutics and biopharmaceuticals such as proteins, peptides and nucleotides presents scientists with new and exciting challenges for the application of therapeutic delivery science and technology. Successful delivery strategies increasingly rely upon collaboration across a diversity of fields, including biology, chemistry, pharmacology, nanotechnology, physiology, materials science and engineering. Therapeutic Delivery recognizes the importance of this diverse research platform and encourages the publication of articles that reflect the highly interdisciplinary nature of the field. In a highly competitive industry, Therapeutic Delivery provides the busy researcher with a forum for the rapid publication of original research and critical reviews of all the latest relevant and significant developments, and focuses on how the technological, pharmacological, clinical and physiological aspects come together to successfully deliver modern therapeutics to patients. The journal delivers this essential information in concise, at-a-glance article formats that are readily accessible to the full spectrum of therapeutic delivery researchers.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
