Construction of optical lattice-type skyrmion arrays in tightly focused electromagnetic field.

Abstract

By utilizing the time inversion of radiation from spatial dipole arrays, we propose a method for constructing the spatial lattice-type skyrmion arrays under 4π focusing conditions, including Néel-, Bloch-, and Anti-skyrmions/merons. The Richards-Wolf vector diffraction theory is applied to analyze the radiation field emitted by dipole arrays, aiming to determine the incident field required under a high numerical aperture (NA=0.95). We construct spatial optical skyrmion arrays consisting of multiple topological points and investigate the distribution characteristics of the tightly focused field. The results indicate that diverse morphologies of optical skyrmions/merons can be achieved by adjusting the vectorial distribution within the unit dipole arrays. The high degree of freedom in combining optical skyrmion arrays holds significant potential for applications in high-density storage and precision measurement.