Pleasure Ramatlho, Moses Muganyizi Rugemalila, Leabaneng Tawe, Debanjan Pain, Ontlametse T Choga, Andrew Khulekani Ndlovu, Moses O Koobotse, Priti Lal, Timothy R Rebbeck, Giacomo M Paganotti, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, Lynnette Tumwine Kyokunda
{"title":"The Role of Immunohistochemistry for AMACR/p504s and p63 in Distinguishing Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Tissue Samples in Botswana.","authors":"Pleasure Ramatlho, Moses Muganyizi Rugemalila, Leabaneng Tawe, Debanjan Pain, Ontlametse T Choga, Andrew Khulekani Ndlovu, Moses O Koobotse, Priti Lal, Timothy R Rebbeck, Giacomo M Paganotti, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, Lynnette Tumwine Kyokunda","doi":"10.2147/RRU.S492935","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in Botswana. Currently, diagnosing CaP relies on examining prostate biopsy samples, which can be challenging due to benign mimics. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Alpha-methyl acyl-CoA racemase (AMACR/p504s) and p63, as diagnostic markers for CaP. This may potentially validate the use of immunohistochemistry for detecting CaP in Botswana, where it is not routinely utilized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 69 samples, comprising 5 prostatic chip specimens, 50 core biopsies, and 14 radical prostatectomy specimens. These cases were reviewed and categorized into CaP (49 cases) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (20 cases). Immunohistochemistry was performed using AMACR/p504s and p63 immunohistochemical stains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that AMACR/p504s had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 95%, while p63 had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. PSA levels showed significant positive correlation with AMACR/p504s expression (<i>P</i> < 0.00001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this study, we have demonstrated the diagnostic utility of AMACR/p504s and p63 due to their high sensitivity and specificity in detecting CaP in Botswana, where these biomarkers are not yet widely used. Furthermore, utilizing these markers in conjunction with other diagnostic tools, such as PSA levels and morphological evaluation, could improve the diagnostic accuracy, especially in challenging cases where histopathological examination alone may be inconclusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":21008,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Urology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766141/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Research and Reports in Urology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S492935","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in Botswana. Currently, diagnosing CaP relies on examining prostate biopsy samples, which can be challenging due to benign mimics. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Alpha-methyl acyl-CoA racemase (AMACR/p504s) and p63, as diagnostic markers for CaP. This may potentially validate the use of immunohistochemistry for detecting CaP in Botswana, where it is not routinely utilized.
Methods: The study included 69 samples, comprising 5 prostatic chip specimens, 50 core biopsies, and 14 radical prostatectomy specimens. These cases were reviewed and categorized into CaP (49 cases) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (20 cases). Immunohistochemistry was performed using AMACR/p504s and p63 immunohistochemical stains.
Results: The study found that AMACR/p504s had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 95%, while p63 had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. PSA levels showed significant positive correlation with AMACR/p504s expression (P < 0.00001).
Discussion: In this study, we have demonstrated the diagnostic utility of AMACR/p504s and p63 due to their high sensitivity and specificity in detecting CaP in Botswana, where these biomarkers are not yet widely used. Furthermore, utilizing these markers in conjunction with other diagnostic tools, such as PSA levels and morphological evaluation, could improve the diagnostic accuracy, especially in challenging cases where histopathological examination alone may be inconclusive.
期刊介绍：
Research and Reports in Urology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal. Publishing original research, reports, editorials, reviews and commentaries on all aspects of adult and pediatric urology in the clinic and laboratory including the following topics: Pathology, pathophysiology of urological disease Investigation and treatment of urological disease Pharmacology of drugs used for the treatment of urological disease Although the main focus of the journal is to publish research and clinical results in humans; preclinical, animal and in vitro studies will be published where they will shed light on disease processes and potential new therapies. Issues of patient safety and quality of care will also be considered.
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