{"title":"The measurement, regulation and biological activity of FAHFAs","authors":"Dan Tan, Alan Saghatelian","doi":"10.1038/s41589-024-01827-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are bioactive lipids that are positively correlated with metabolic health in humans and mice. Since their discovery, understanding the role and regulation of FAHFAs has been a prime focus of research into these lipids. In this Review, we describe how FAHFAs are quantitatively measured from biological samples. We then highlight advances in elucidating the genes responsible for the regulation of endogenous FAHFA levels through the degradation, biosynthesis and storage of FAHFAs. We conclude by presenting several examples of antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects of FAHFAs in cells and in vivo, including their ability to protect against type 1 diabetes. These FAHFA topics are interconnected by their reliance on chemistry and chemical biology to enlighten this frontier of lipid biology, offering new perspectives on metabolic health and potential therapeutic interventions.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":18832,"journal":{"name":"Nature chemical biology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nature chemical biology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-024-01827-7","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are bioactive lipids that are positively correlated with metabolic health in humans and mice. Since their discovery, understanding the role and regulation of FAHFAs has been a prime focus of research into these lipids. In this Review, we describe how FAHFAs are quantitatively measured from biological samples. We then highlight advances in elucidating the genes responsible for the regulation of endogenous FAHFA levels through the degradation, biosynthesis and storage of FAHFAs. We conclude by presenting several examples of antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects of FAHFAs in cells and in vivo, including their ability to protect against type 1 diabetes. These FAHFA topics are interconnected by their reliance on chemistry and chemical biology to enlighten this frontier of lipid biology, offering new perspectives on metabolic health and potential therapeutic interventions.
期刊介绍：
Nature Chemical Biology stands as an esteemed international monthly journal, offering a prominent platform for the chemical biology community to showcase top-tier original research and commentary. Operating at the crossroads of chemistry, biology, and related disciplines, chemical biology utilizes scientific ideas and approaches to comprehend and manipulate biological systems with molecular precision.
The journal embraces contributions from the growing community of chemical biologists, encompassing insights from chemists applying principles and tools to biological inquiries and biologists striving to comprehend and control molecular-level biological processes. We prioritize studies unveiling significant conceptual or practical advancements in areas where chemistry and biology intersect, emphasizing basic research, especially those reporting novel chemical or biological tools and offering profound molecular-level insights into underlying biological mechanisms.
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