Keyhole Mini-Pterional Craniotomy for Clipping of Bilateral Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms.

Abstract

Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms remain excellent candidates for microsurgical treatment, despite proliferation of new endovascular tools. Nonetheless, patients desire less invasive options for permanent, durable treatment of their aneurysms¹; this is particularly the case for those presenting without subarachnoid hemorrhage, and those with multiple aneurysms that may require several surgical approaches. Keyhole craniotomies, when properly utilized in well-selected patients, allow for minimally invasive treatment of both ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms, including those harboring bilateral aneurysms which may be treated from a single approach². Middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms are ideal aneurysms for application of the keyhole concept: they reside at depth from the skull under a direct, linear path of access; obtaining early proximal control of the in-flow vessel can be accomplished with minimal further dissection at the depth of a narrow corridor; there are few perforators that require dissection; a properly placed craniotomy exposes the entire proximal sylvian fissure as well as the contralateral sylvian contents; sharp dissection of the sylvian fissure further expands the corridor which can be illuminated with lighted instruments as needed; and, conversion to a larger craniotomy can be easily performed is bailout is necessary. A relative contraindication of this approach is if both aneurysms are laterally projecting, although in experienced hands even this remains only a relative contraindication. A possible potential complication that should be prepared for is intraoperative rupture of the distal aneurysm but as demonstrated in this video, it is critical that the surgeon obtain proximal and distal control of the most distal aneurysm as would be obtained from an ipsilateral approach. In this video we demonstrate the use of this approach for bilateral unruptured MCA aneurysms, highlighting nuances for successful performance of this operation.