Biomaterial-assisted organoid technology for disease modeling and drug screening

Abstract

Developing disease models and screening for effective drugs are key areas of modern medical research. Traditional methodologies frequently fall short in precisely replicating the intricate architecture of bodily tissues and organs. Nevertheless, recent advancements in biomaterial-assisted organoid technology have ushered in a paradigm shift in biomedical research. This innovative approach enables the cultivation of three-dimensional cellular structures in vitro that closely emulate the structural and functional attributes of organs, offering physiologically superior models compared to conventional techniques. The evolution of biomaterials plays a pivotal role in supporting the culture and development of organ tissues, thereby facilitating more accurate disease state modeling and the rigorous evaluation of drug efficacy and safety profiles. In this review, we will explore the roles that various biomaterials play in organoid development, examine the fundamental principles and advantages of utilizing these technologies in constructing disease models, and highlight recent advances and practical applications in drug screening using disease-specific organoid models. Additionally, the challenges and future directions of organoid technology are discussed. Through continued research and innovation, we aim to make remarkable strides in disease treatment and drug development, ultimately enhancing patient quality of life.