The long reach of adversity: Intermediary pathways from maternal adverse childhood experiences to child socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes.

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI:10.1111/jcpp.14118

Sheri Madigan, André Plamondon, Jennifer M Jenkins

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: This longitudinal study with multi-informant (maternal, paternal, and experimenter) and multimethod (questionnaires, behavioral observations, and standardized assessments) data tests an intergenerational model from mothers' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to their children's socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes.

Methods: Participants were 501 children (50.7% male) and caregivers (56.5% white) followed from child age 2 months to 5 years. Mothers reported on their ACEs, as well as their postnatal socio-economic status (SES), marital conflict, and depressive symptoms. Observers rated maternal sensitivity using validated coding systems. Partners' history of childhood conduct problems and children's emotional and conduct problems were rated by mothers and fathers, and cognition was assessed by experimenters using standardized assessments.

Results: Maternal ACEs score was associated with children's socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes through unique intermediary pathways. Specifically, maternal ACEs were related to child emotion problems through SES, paternal history of conduct problems, and maternal depression. Maternal ACEs to child conduct problems operated via SES, paternal history of conduct problems, and marital conflict. Maternal ACEs to child cognitive skills operated through SES and maternal sensitivity.

Conclusions: Maternal ACEs, economic stress, and paternal history of conduct problems may collectively strain families, diverting caregiver attention and resources, which may impact childrearing and children's development. To effectively address root causes of intergenerational risks, it is critical to advocate for resources and supports that mitigate these hardship conditions. In addition, interventions that target modifiable individual and family factors may hold the greatest promise for breaking cycles of generational risk and promoting healthier outcomes for children and families.

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逆境的长期影响：从母亲不良童年经历到儿童社会情感和认知结果的中介途径。

背景：本纵向研究采用多信息提供者（母亲、父亲和实验者）和多方法（问卷调查、行为观察和标准化评估）数据，检验了母亲不良童年经历（ace）对其子女社会情感和认知结果的代际模型。方法：研究对象为501名儿童（50.7%男性）和照顾者（56.5%白人），随访时间为2个月至5岁。母亲们报告了她们的ace，以及她们的产后社会经济地位（SES）、婚姻冲突和抑郁症状。观察员使用经过验证的编码系统评估产妇的敏感性。父母对伴侣的童年行为问题史和儿童的情绪和行为问题进行评分，实验者使用标准化评估来评估认知。结果：母亲的ace得分通过独特的中介途径与儿童的社会情绪和认知结果相关。具体而言，母亲的不良经历通过社会经济地位、父亲的行为问题史和母亲的抑郁与儿童情绪问题相关。母亲对孩子行为问题的ace通过社会经济地位、父亲的行为问题史和婚姻冲突来运作。母亲对儿童认知技能的ace是通过SES和母亲的敏感性来实现的。结论：母亲的不良经历、经济压力和父亲的行为问题史可能共同使家庭紧张，转移照顾者的注意力和资源，从而影响儿童的养育和发展。为了有效解决代际风险的根本原因，至关重要的是倡导资源和支持，以减轻这些困难条件。此外，针对可改变的个人和家庭因素的干预措施，可能最有希望打破代际风险的循环，促进儿童和家庭更健康的结果。

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来源期刊

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

169

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) is a highly regarded international publication that focuses on the fields of child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry. It is recognized for publishing top-tier, clinically relevant research across various disciplines related to these areas. JCPP has a broad global readership and covers a diverse range of topics, including: Epidemiology: Studies on the prevalence and distribution of mental health issues in children and adolescents. Diagnosis: Research on the identification and classification of childhood disorders. Treatments: Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for child and adolescent mental health. Behavior and Cognition: Studies on the behavioral and cognitive aspects of childhood disorders. Neuroscience and Neurobiology: Research on the neural and biological underpinnings of child mental health. Genetics: Genetic factors contributing to the development of childhood disorders. JCPP serves as a platform for integrating empirical research, clinical studies, and high-quality reviews from diverse perspectives, theoretical viewpoints, and disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach is a key feature of the journal, as it fosters a comprehensive understanding of child and adolescent mental health. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry is published 12 times a year and is affiliated with the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH), which supports the journal's mission to advance knowledge and practice in the field of child and adolescent mental health.