Acute and time-course changes in hemodynamic and physical performance parameters following single and multiple resistance training sets in cognitively impaired individuals: A randomized crossover study

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Experimental gerontology Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2025.112688

Nuno Fonseca , Dulce Esteves , Diogo Luís Marques , Luís Brandão Faíl , Tiago Sousa , Mafalda Pamplona Pinto , Henrique Pereira Neiva , Mikel Izquierdo , Mário Cardoso Marques

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Abstract

This study analyzed the acute and time-course changes following one resistance training (RT) set (1SET) and three sets (3SET) on hemodynamic and physical performance parameters in individuals with different cognitive impairment levels. Thirty-nine individuals (22 women and 17 men aged 80 ± 9 years) grouped by cognitive impairment (mild [MILD], moderate [MOD], and severe [SEV]) randomly performed two protocols, each separated by one week, of 1SET or 3SET of 10 repetitions. Before (PRE), immediately (POST), and 72 h after (POST72) protocols, the participants performed the following measurements: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), 1-kg medicine ball throw (MBT) distance, five-repetition sit-to-stand (STS) time, and handgrip strength (HGS). A three-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant differences between 1SET and 3SET on SBP, DBP, HR, STS, MBT, and HGS in any group at any time (all p ≥ 0.05). SEV increased SBP and HR from PRE to POST and decreased STS time after 3SET. From POST to POST72, all groups decreased SBP after both protocols, and SEV improved STS time after 3SET and HGS following both protocols. Furthermore, from PRE to POST72, MILD decreased SBP, while SEV improved HGS following 1SET and STS time following 3SET. These findings demonstrate that single and multiple sets cause acute hemodynamic changes, with a tendency to reduce SBP within 72 h. Additionally, individuals with worse cognitive function showed greater adaptive responses over time in physical performance, with 1SET improving HGS and 3SET enhancing STS performance.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06185010

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认知障碍个体单次和多次阻力训练后血液动力学和物理性能参数的急性和时间变化：一项随机交叉研究

本研究分析了不同认知障碍水平个体进行1组（1SET）和3组（3SET）阻力训练后血液动力学和身体机能参数的急性期和时程变化。根据认知障碍（轻度[mild]、中度[MOD]和重度[SEV]）分组的39名患者（22名女性和17名男性，年龄80±9岁）随机执行两种方案，每组间隔一周，每组重复10次，分为1组或3组。在术前（PRE）、即刻（POST）和术后72小时（POST72），参与者进行了以下测量：收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）、1公斤实心球投掷（MBT）距离、5次重复坐立（STS）时间和握力（HGS）。重复测量的三因素方差分析显示，在任何时间，1SET和3SET在任何组的收缩压、舒张压、HR、STS、MBT和HGS上均无显著差异（p均≥0.05）。SEV增加了SBP和HR，缩短了3SET后的STS时间。从POST到POST72，两种方案后，所有组的收缩压均下降，SEV改善了两种方案后3SET和HGS后的STS时间。此外，从PRE到POST72， MILD降低收缩压，而SEV在1SET后改善HGS，在3SET后改善STS时间。这些发现表明，单组和多组均可引起急性血流动力学改变，并有在72小时内降低收缩压的趋势。此外，认知功能较差的个体随着时间的推移在身体表现方面表现出更大的适应性反应，1SET可改善HGS， 3SET可增强STS表现。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06185010。

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