Expanding the Diversity of Actinobacterial Tectiviridae: A Novel Genus from Microbacterium.

Abstract

Six novel Microbacterium phages belonging to the Tectiviridae family were isolated using Microbacterium testaceum as a host. Phages MuffinTheCat, Badulia, DesireeRose, Bee17, SCoupsA, and LuzDeMundo were purified from environmental samples by students participating in the Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) program at Alliance University, New York. The phages have linear dsDNA genomes 15,438-15,636 bp with 112-120 bp inverted terminal repeats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging analysis revealed that the six novel phages have six-sided icosahedral double-layered capsids with an internal lipid membrane that occasionally forms protruding nanotubules. Annotation analysis determined that the novel Microbacterium phages all have 32-34 protein-coding genes and no tRNAs. Like other Tectiviridae, the phage genomes are arranged into two segments and include three highly conserved family genes that encode a DNA polymerase, double jelly-roll major capsid protein, and packaging ATPase. Although the novel bacteriophages have 91.6 to 97.5% nucleotide sequence similarity to each other, they are at most 58% similar to previously characterized Tectiviridae genera. Consequently, these novel Microbacterium phages expand the diversity of the Tectiviridae family, and we propose they form the sixth genus, Zetatectivirus.