Associations of breakfast habits and breakfast quality with depression symptoms: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2007–2018

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Journal of affective disorders Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.115

Mengzi Sun , Zibo Wu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Breakfast, often considered the most important meal of the day, affects both physical and mental health. While most studies focused on the effects of skipping breakfast on depression, few explored the roles of breakfast quality and breakfast time. The study aimed to investigate the association of breakfast habits and breakfast quality with depression symptoms.

Methods

This study included 23,839 participants aged 20 and older from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Breakfast habits were assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls, capturing both whether and when breakfast was consumed. Breakfast quality was assessed by calculating the Breakfast Quality Score (BQS). Depression symptoms was diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Binary logistic regression was used to explore the associations.

Results

Compared to participants who did not report breakfast, the ORs of participants who reported breakfast on both one recall and both recalls were 0.737(0.591,0.919) and 0.766(0.624,0.939) for depression symptoms. Compared to participants in the BQS T₁ subgroup, the ORs of participants in the T₂ subgroup and T₃ subgroup were 0.895(0.723,1.108) and 0.716(0.564,0.908) for depression symptoms (P for trend = 0.013). Compared to participants who had breakfast before 8:00 AM, the ORs for depression symptoms were 1.104 (95 % CI: 0.888, 1.371) for those who had breakfast between 8:00–9:00 AM and 1.278 (95 % CI: 1.030, 1.587) for those who had breakfast after 9:00 AM.

Conclusions

Skipping breakfast, low breakfast quality, and late breakfast are independently associated with depression symptoms.

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来源期刊

Journal of affective disorders 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

1319

审稿时长

9.3 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Affective Disorders publishes papers concerned with affective disorders in the widest sense: depression, mania, mood spectrum, emotions and personality, anxiety and stress. It is interdisciplinary and aims to bring together different approaches for a diverse readership. Top quality papers will be accepted dealing with any aspect of affective disorders, including neuroimaging, cognitive neurosciences, genetics, molecular biology, experimental and clinical neurosciences, pharmacology, neuroimmunoendocrinology, intervention and treatment trials.