The 2D:4D ratios in the mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

Early human development Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106203

Orhan Kocaman, Pınar Aydoğan Avşar, Tayfun Kara, Tacettin Kuru

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone affects the development of the brain. The purpose of this study was to compare the mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those of healthy children in terms of the digit ratio (2D:4D). It also examines the relationship between ADHD symptoms and the 2D:4D in mothers.

Method: The mothers of 120 children with ADHD and of 61 healthy children were included in the study. 2D:4D were measured for both the patients and the healthy individuals, and sociodemographic data were examined. The mothers' ADHD symptoms were measured using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The patient and control groups were compared in terms of 2D:4D values and ADHD symptoms. The relationship between 2D:4D and ADHD was also examined in the patient group.

Results: Maternal right 2D:4D (p < 0.001) and left 2D:4D (p = 0.003) values in the ADHD group were significantly lower than in the control group mothers. No association was also observed between the left hand and right 2D:4D ratios of the mothers in the case group and the ASRS- Hyperactivity or Attention Deficit subscales.

Conclusion: Our findings add to the literature examining the relationship between prenatal exposure to testosterone and ADHD. This study shows that the mothers of children with ADHD are exposed to greater prenatal testosterone. In addition, it does not support the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to testosterone in the mothers of children with ADHD plays a role in the development of ADHD symptoms. Further studies examining this relationship in mothers are now needed.

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来源期刊

Early human development 医学-妇产科学

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.00%

发文量

100

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Established as an authoritative, highly cited voice on early human development, Early Human Development provides a unique opportunity for researchers and clinicians to bridge the communication gap between disciplines. Creating a forum for the productive exchange of ideas concerning early human growth and development, the journal publishes original research and clinical papers with particular emphasis on the continuum between fetal life and the perinatal period; aspects of postnatal growth influenced by early events; and the safeguarding of the quality of human survival. The first comprehensive and interdisciplinary journal in this area of growing importance, Early Human Development offers pertinent contributions to the following subject areas: Fetology; perinatology; pediatrics; growth and development; obstetrics; reproduction and fertility; epidemiology; behavioural sciences; nutrition and metabolism; teratology; neurology; brain biology; developmental psychology and screening.