Gibberellic acid (GA) induces developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos via oxidative stress

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107247

Ying Wei , Yan Gao , Sida Zhang , Yue Li , Zuoying Wang , Xu Zhang , Zan Li , Jinlian Li , Ying Chen , Dongmei Wu

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Abstract

Gibberellic acid (GA) is a plant growth regulator that stimulates the growth of leaves and increases yield in agricultural production. However, GA is also regarded as an environmental endocrine disruptor, and its effect on aquatic life remains unclear. In this study, the toxic effects of GA on the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were evaluated, and the mechanisms were revealed. The expression of genes related to development and function in zebrafish embryos at 96 h post fertilization (96 hpf) were detected by RT-qPCR method. Furthermore, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of genes related to oxidative stress were detected. The results showed that the hatching and survival rates of zebrafish embryos were inhibited by 25 and 50 μmol/L GA, and the phenotype of pericardial edema was observed, indicating that GA may have cardiotoxicity on zebrafish embryos. Further RT-qPCR experiments showed that the above results may attributed to the down-regulation of Myl7 and Vmhc genes. Besides, the phenotypes of liver degeneration, and the decrease of eye size were led by 10–50 μmol/L GA, along with the alteration of Fabp10a, Gclc, Gsr, Gnat1, and Gnat2 genes, suggesting that GA may exhibit toxicities on liver and eye in zebrafish embryos. In addition, the phenotype of kidney edema and the up-regulation of Kim1, Plce1, and Pkd2 genes were triggered by 50 μmol/L GA, indicating that GA may have toxic effect on kidney in zebrafish embryos. The level of ROS and the expression of genes related to oxidative stress were up-regulated under 10–50 μmol/L GA exposure, which may contribute to the developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. In summary, GA may affect the ecological environment of aquatic life, and its harm to aquatic ecology should be given special attention in the future.

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赤霉素（GA）通过氧化应激诱导斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性

赤霉素（Gibberellic acid， GA）是一种植物生长调节剂，在农业生产中具有刺激叶片生长和提高产量的作用。然而，GA也被认为是一种环境内分泌干扰物，其对水生生物的影响尚不清楚。本研究评估了GA对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性作用，并揭示了其作用机制。采用RT-qPCR方法检测斑马鱼受精后96 h （96 hpf）胚胎发育和功能相关基因的表达。此外，还检测了活性氧（ROS）水平和氧化应激相关基因的表达。结果表明，25 μmol/L和50 μmol/L GA均可抑制斑马鱼胚胎的孵化率和存活率，并观察到心包水肿表型，表明GA可能对斑马鱼胚胎具有心脏毒性。进一步的RT-qPCR实验表明，上述结果可能与my17和Vmhc基因下调有关。此外，10-50 μmol/L GA可导致斑马鱼胚胎肝脏变性和眼睛大小减小，并导致Fabp10a、Gclc、Gsr、Gnat1和Gnat2基因的改变，表明GA可能对斑马鱼胚胎的肝脏和眼睛产生毒性。此外，50 μmol/L GA可诱发斑马鱼胚胎肾脏水肿表型及Kim1、Plce1和Pkd2基因表达上调，提示GA可能对斑马鱼胚胎肾脏有毒性作用。10-50 μmol/L GA暴露可使斑马鱼胚胎的ROS水平和氧化应激相关基因表达上调，这可能与斑马鱼胚胎的发育毒性有关。综上所述，赤霉素可能影响水生生物的生态环境，其对水生生态的危害应引起今后的特别重视。

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来源期刊

Aquatic Toxicology 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

4.40%

发文量

250

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Aquatic Toxicology publishes significant contributions that increase the understanding of the impact of harmful substances (including natural and synthetic chemicals) on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Aquatic Toxicology considers both laboratory and field studies with a focus on marine/ freshwater environments. We strive to attract high quality original scientific papers, critical reviews and expert opinion papers in the following areas: Effects of harmful substances on molecular, cellular, sub-organismal, organismal, population, community, and ecosystem level; Toxic Mechanisms; Genetic disturbances, transgenerational effects, behavioral and adaptive responses; Impacts of harmful substances on structure, function of and services provided by aquatic ecosystems; Mixture toxicity assessment; Statistical approaches to predict exposure to and hazards of contaminants The journal also considers manuscripts in other areas, such as the development of innovative concepts, approaches, and methodologies, which promote the wider application of toxicological datasets to the protection of aquatic environments and inform ecological risk assessments and decision making by relevant authorities.

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