Function of N-acetyltransferase in the biotransformation of aniline in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

IF 2.8 3区 生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Taoxing Dong, Xiaofeng Liu, Yingli Yang, Jun Xiong, Xuedong Wang, Shao Yang
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Abstract

Phytoplankton plays a crucial role in the fate of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems by biotransformation and bioaccumulation. Aniline was listed in priority pollutants due to its toxicity and widespread distribution in the aquatic environment. This study focused on investigating the capacity and mechanism of eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in transforming aniline. Results showed that the total removal percentage of aniline was 56% within 8 days at an initial concentration of 10 mg · L−1. The percentage of the biotransformation by C. reinhardtii was 23.4%. The biotransformation product was identified as acetanilide, indicating that acetylation was the primary biotransformation pathway. To reveal the key enzyme of the biotransformation process, the N-acetyltransferase (NAT) gene was cloned from the C. reinhardtii genome, and the NAT protein was obtained through heterologous expression. Aniline was significantly transformed by the purified NAT protein in vitro, and the product was also acetanilide. The characteristics of C. reinhardtii NAT in biotransformation of aniline was analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The binding sites in C. reinhardtii NAT for ligands (aniline and acetyl-CoA) were identified. Three highly reserved valine residues (Glu85-Asp86-Val87-Val88-Val89) as well as GLU131 and Cys122 were the indispensable amino acid residues for the catalysis from aniline to acetanilide. These results demonstrated the capacity of C. reinhardtii in the biotransformation of aniline, and the transformation process was primarily through N-acetylation of aniline to acetanilide catalyzed by NAT enzyme. This study provides novel insights into the biotransformation mechanism of aniline in eukaryotic green alga C. reinhardtii, facilitating the evaluation of the fate of aniline within aquatic ecosystems.

n -乙酰转移酶在莱茵衣藻苯胺生物转化中的作用。
浮游植物通过生物转化和生物积累在水生生态系统中对污染物的归宿起着至关重要的作用。苯胺因其毒性和在水生环境中的广泛分布而被列为重点污染物。本研究主要探讨真核藻类莱茵衣藻转化苯胺的能力和机制。结果表明,当初始浓度为10 mg·L-1时,8 d内对苯胺的总去除率为56%。莱茵梭菌的生物转化率为23.4%。生物转化产物被鉴定为乙酰苯胺,表明乙酰化是主要的生物转化途径。为了揭示生物转化过程的关键酶,从莱茵C. reinhardtii基因组中克隆了n -乙酰转移酶(NAT)基因,并通过异源表达获得了NAT蛋白。纯化后的NAT蛋白在体外能明显转化苯胺,产物为乙酰苯胺。采用生物信息学方法分析了莱茵梭菌NAT在苯胺生物转化中的特点。鉴定了莱茵草NAT中与苯胺和乙酰辅酶a的结合位点。三个高度保留的缬氨酸残基(Glu85-Asp86-Val87-Val88-Val89)以及GLU131和Cys122是催化苯胺生成乙酰苯胺不可缺少的氨基酸残基。这些结果证明了C. reinhardtii对苯胺的生物转化能力,其转化过程主要是通过NAT酶催化苯胺n -乙酰化转化为乙酰苯胺。本研究为真核绿藻C. reinhardtii中苯胺的生物转化机制提供了新的见解,有助于评估苯胺在水生生态系统中的命运。
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来源期刊
Journal of Phycology
Journal of Phycology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
3.40%
发文量
69
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Phycology was founded in 1965 by the Phycological Society of America. All aspects of basic and applied research on algae are included to provide a common medium for the ecologist, physiologist, cell biologist, molecular biologist, morphologist, oceanographer, taxonomist, geneticist, and biochemist. The Journal also welcomes research that emphasizes algal interactions with other organisms and the roles of algae as components of natural ecosystems. All aspects of basic and applied research on algae are included to provide a common medium for the ecologist, physiologist, cell biologist, molecular biologist, morphologist, oceanographer, acquaculturist, systematist, geneticist, and biochemist. The Journal also welcomes research that emphasizes algal interactions with other organisms and the roles of algae as components of natural ecosystems.
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