Real-world use of biologics during the first year of treatment for newly diagnosed Crohn's disease in Japan: a claims analysis from 2010 to 2021.

Abstract

Background/aims: Crohn's disease (CD) leads to bowel damage and disability if suboptimally treated. We investigated firstyear treatment decisions and real-world use of biologics in patients with CD in Japan.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study (2010-2021) from the JMDC claims database, patients with a new diagnosis of CD (no CD claims record within 12 months before index) who received ≥ 1 pre-defined treatment were grouped by use of biologics and systemic corticosteroids (SCS) within the first year of diagnosis.

Results: Of 823 patients included, 470 (57.1%) were prescribed biologics and 353 (42.9%) were not; 77.6% were male, 75.7% had adult-onset CD, and median age was 24 years. Patients prescribed biologics were younger (median: 23 years vs. 28 years) and more had perianal lesions (43.0% vs. 22.9%) than those not prescribed biologics; 64.9% (95% confidence interval, 60.4%-69.2%) received a top-down treatment approach (no SCS before biologics). Factors significantly associated with a top-down treatment approach were male sex, perianal lesions, no use of immunomodulators, and use of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies. The proportion of patients receiving SCS before biologics (step-up approach) increased after 2018, with a shift from prednisolone to budesonide from 2016. Persistence with first biologics decreased over time, with no differences between biologic types.

Conclusions: Use of biologics for treatment of CD within the first year of diagnosis in Japan has remained stable over the past decade. However, there was a shift to a step-up treatment approach, with an increase in use of SCS before biologics over time.