Perceptions of ecosystem services and disservices in urban greenspaces: Insights from a shrinking city

Abstract

Urban greenspaces contribute to the social and ecological functioning of cities through ecosystem services (ES) but are also associated with ecosystem disservices (EDS), such as allergens and nuisance animals. Although shrinking cities are a growing global phenomenon, limited research has examined residents’ perceptions of ES and EDS in these contexts, despite this understanding being crucial for transforming these cities to improve residents’ quality of life. This study investigated residents’ perceptions of ES and EDS in neighborhood greenspaces in the shrinking city of St. Louis, MO, USA, and the factors influencing these perceptions. An online survey of residences who had visited their neighborhood greenspaces at least once in the past 12 months (n = 521) was conducted, with an oversample of low-income respondents to ensure representation of St. Louis’s diverse population. Findings indicate that perceptions of ES were influences by the perceived occurrence of these services, the quantity of nearby greenspaces, and various sociodemographic characteristics. Notably, Black and female respondents expressed higher concerns regarding EDS, highlighting the need for greenspace management to address potential disservices that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. These insights underscore the importance of equitable greenspace distribution and management that considers socio-demographic diversity, historic inequalities, and resident perceptions of ES and EDS. The findings provide valuable guidance for future urban greenspace planning and management in shrinking cities to foster inclusive and resilient urban environments.