Global burden and trends of the Clostridioides difficile infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2021: an observational trend study.

Annals of medicine Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI:10.1080/07853890.2025.2451762

Jun Xia, Tan Liu, Rui Wan, Jing Zhang, Quanzhu Fu

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Abstract

Background: This study was aimed to explore the global burden and trends of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) associated diseases.

Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The burden of CDI was assessed using the age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (ASR-DALYs) and deaths (ASDRs). Trends in the burden of CDI were presented using average annual percentage changes (AAPCs).

Results: The ASR-DALYs for CDI increased from 1.83 (95% UI: 1.53-2.18) per 100,000 in 1990 to 3.46 (95% UI: 3.04-3.96) per 100,000 in 2021, with an AAPC of 2.03% (95% CI: 1.67-2.4%). The ASDRs for CDI rose from 0.10 (95% UI: 0.08-0.11) per 100,000 in 1990 to 0.19 (95% UI: 0.16-0.23) per 100,000 in 2021, with an AAPC of 2.26% (95% CI: 1.74-2.79%). In 2021, higher burdens of ASR-DALYs (10.7 per 100,000) and ASDRs (0.53 per 100,000) were observed in high socio-demographic index (SDI) areas, and among age group over 70 years (31.62/100,000 for ASR-DALYs and 2.45/100,000 for ASDRs). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global ASR-DALYs and ASDRs slightly decreased. However, in regions with low SDI, low-middle and middle SDI, those rates slightly increased.

Conclusion: The global burden of CDI has significantly increased, particularly in regions with high SDI and among individuals aged 70 years and above. During the COVID-19 pandemic period from 2020 to 2021, the burden of CDI further increased in regions with low, low-middle, and middle SDI. These findings underscore the need for increased attention and intervention, especially in specific countries and populations.

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1990年至2021年艰难梭菌感染相关疾病的全球负担和趋势：一项观察趋势研究

背景：本研究旨在探讨艰难梭菌感染（CDI）相关疾病的全球负担和趋势。方法：本研究的数据来自2021年全球疾病负担研究。使用年龄标准化的残疾调整生命年（ASR-DALYs）和死亡（ASDRs）评估CDI负担。使用年均百分比变化（AAPCs）表示CDI负担的趋势。结果：CDI的ASR-DALYs从1990年的1.83 / 10万（95% UI: 1.53 ~ 2.18）增加到2021年的3.46 / 10万（95% UI: 3.04 ~ 3.96）， AAPC为2.03% （95% CI: 1.67 ~ 2.4%）。CDI的asdr从1990年的0.10 / 10万（95% UI: 0.08-0.11）上升到2021年的0.19 / 10万（95% UI: 0.16-0.23）， AAPC为2.26% （95% CI: 1.74-2.79%）。2021年，在高社会人口指数（SDI）地区和70岁以上年龄组中，ASR-DALYs（每10万人10.7例）和asdr（每10万人0.53例）的负担更高（ASR-DALYs为31.62/10万人，asdr为2.45/10万人）。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，全球ASR-DALYs和asdr略有下降。然而，在低SDI、中低SDI和中等SDI地区，这些比率略有上升。结论：全球CDI负担显著增加，特别是在SDI高的地区和70岁及以上的人群中。在2020 - 2021年新冠肺炎大流行期间，低、中、低SDI地区CDI负担进一步加重。这些发现强调需要加强关注和干预，特别是在特定国家和人群中。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Annals of medicine

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