Awakening the Disengaged: Can Driving-Related Prompts Engage Drivers in Partial Automation?

IF 2.9 3区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Xiaolu Bai, Jing Feng
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This study explores the effectiveness of conversational prompts on enhancing driver monitoring behavior and takeover performance in partially automated driving under two non-driving-related task (NDRT) scenarios with varying workloads.

Background: Driver disengagement in partially automated driving is a serious safety concern. Intermittent conversational prompts that require responses may be a solution. However, existing literature is limited with inconsistent findings. There is little consideration of NDRTs as an important context, despite their ubiquitous involvement. A method is also lacking to measure driver engagement at the cognitive level, beyond manual and visual engagements.

Methods: Participants operated a partially automated vehicle in a simulator across six predefined drives. In each drive, participants either received driving-related prompts, daily-conversation prompts, or no prompts, with or without a takeover notification. The first experiment instructed participants to engage in NDRTs at their choice and the second experiment incentivized solving demanding anagrams with monetary rewards.

Results: When participants were voluntarily engaged in NDRTs, answering driving-related prompts and receiving takeover notifications improved their monitoring behavior and takeover performance. However, when participants were involved in the more demanding and incentivized NDRT, answering prompts had little effect.

Conclusion: The study supports the importance of both maintaining appropriate workload and processing driving-related information during partially automated driving. Driving-related prompts improve driver engagement and takeover performance, but they are not robust enough to compete with NDRTs that have high motivational appeals and cognitive demands.

Application: The design of driver engagement tools should consider the workload and information processing mechanisms.

唤醒疏离者:与驾驶相关的提示能让司机参与部分自动化吗?
目的:本研究探讨了在两种不同工作量的非驾驶相关任务(NDRT)场景下,会话提示在增强部分自动驾驶驾驶员监控行为和接管绩效方面的有效性。背景:在部分自动驾驶中,驾驶员脱离驾驶是一个严重的安全问题。需要响应的间歇会话提示可能是一种解决方案。然而,现有文献有限,研究结果不一致。几乎没有考虑到NDRTs是一个重要的背景,尽管它们无处不在。除了手动和视觉参与之外,还缺乏一种方法来衡量驾驶员在认知层面的参与。方法:参与者在六个预定义驱动器的模拟器中操作部分自动化车辆。在每次驾驶中,参与者要么收到与驾驶相关的提示,要么收到日常对话提示,要么没有提示,有或没有接管通知。第一个实验指示参与者根据自己的选择参与NDRTs,第二个实验用金钱奖励激励他们解决高要求的字谜。结果:当参与者自愿参与NDRTs时,回答与驾驶相关的提示和接收接管通知改善了他们的监控行为和接管绩效。然而,当参与者参与要求更高、激励更强的NDRT时,回答提示几乎没有影响。结论:该研究支持了在部分自动驾驶过程中保持适当工作量和处理驾驶相关信息的重要性。与驾驶相关的提示提高了驾驶员的参与度和接管绩效,但它们不够强大,无法与具有高动机吸引力和认知需求的ndrt竞争。应用:驾驶员参与工具的设计应考虑到工作量和信息处理机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Human Factors
Human Factors 管理科学-行为科学
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
6.10%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society publishes peer-reviewed scientific studies in human factors/ergonomics that present theoretical and practical advances concerning the relationship between people and technologies, tools, environments, and systems. Papers published in Human Factors leverage fundamental knowledge of human capabilities and limitations – and the basic understanding of cognitive, physical, behavioral, physiological, social, developmental, affective, and motivational aspects of human performance – to yield design principles; enhance training, selection, and communication; and ultimately improve human-system interfaces and sociotechnical systems that lead to safer and more effective outcomes.
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