Ethnicity and race as modifiers of the association between patient sex and stage at diagnosis of bladder cancer

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 ONCOLOGY

Cancer Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI:10.1016/j.canep.2025.102749

Natalie Mesa , Sophia Perez , Lizis Rodriguez , Pura Rodriguez , Alan M. Nieder , Noël C. Barengo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

With over 80,000 projected new diagnoses in 2024, bladder cancer remains a significant public health concern. Given the absence of routine screening protocols, identifying high-risk populations becomes crucial for early detection and intervention. This study aimed to investigate whether race and ethnicity modify the association between sex and stage at diagnosis in adults with primary bladder cancer.

Methods

An analytical cross-sectional study of 235,586 patients was completed using the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients 18 years and older diagnosed with a primary bladder malignancy from 2000 to 2019. The exposure variable was sex, and the primary outcome was the stage at diagnosis. An unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, effect modification was explored by including the interaction term between the exposure variable and race and ethnicity.

Results

Our data revealed that ethnicity and race were effect modifiers of the association between sex and stage at diagnosis of primary bladder cancer. Among non-Hispanic (NH) White, Hispanic, and NH-Black women, the RRR of Distant vs. In-Situ staging increased by 75 % (RRR 1.75; 95 % CI 1.65–1.86), 86 % (RRR 1.86; 95 % CI 1.56–2.22), and 96 % (RRR 1.96; 95 % CI 1.64–2.33) respectively. The RRR for Regional vs In-Situ staging in Hispanic and NH-Black women increased by 60 % (RRR 1.60; 95 % CI 1.38–1.87) and 78 % (RRR 1.78; 95 % CI 1.53–2.07) respectively.

Conclusion

These findings emphasize the importance of tailoring prevention, screening, and treatment strategies to address disparities among high-risk groups. Future studies may investigate the influence of risk factors such as smoking status on this association between race and ethnicity and stage at diagnosis of bladder cancer.

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来源期刊

Cancer Epidemiology 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

3.80%

发文量

200

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Cancer Epidemiology is dedicated to increasing understanding about cancer causes, prevention and control. The scope of the journal embraces all aspects of cancer epidemiology including: • Descriptive epidemiology • Studies of risk factors for disease initiation, development and prognosis • Screening and early detection • Prevention and control • Methodological issues The journal publishes original research articles (full length and short reports), systematic reviews and meta-analyses, editorials, commentaries and letters to the editor commenting on previously published research.