An exploratory study on the differential diagnostic indicators between adult systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with multiple EBV infections.

IF 3.1 2区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Infectious Agents and Cancer Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI:10.1186/s13027-024-00627-x

Xiaodan Zheng, Yuanyuan Zheng, Yanlin Zhang, Jianlan Xie, Xiaojing Teng, Kuo Bi, Lan Sun, Xiaowen Huang, Mulan Jin, Xiaoge Zhou

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The differential diagnosis between adult systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV⁺ T-LPD) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) with multiple EBV infections is difficult, and distinguishing between the two has become a diagnostic challenge for pathologists. Given that the clinical treatment plans are different, an accurate diagnosis is a prerequisite to ensure effective treatment, therefore, it is extremely necessary and meaningful to find effective pathological indicators for distinguishing between two diseases.

Methods: We present a retrospective study comparing 7 cases of adult EBV⁺ T-LPD and 16 cases of AITL with multiple EBV infections diagnosed at our institution from 2017 to 2022. Differences in immunophenotype, type of EBV-infected cells, clonality and gene mutations between the two groups of cases were compared by immunohistochemical staining, double-label staining, TCR gene rearrangement and next-generation sequencing analysis.

Results: 7 cases of adult EBV⁺ T-LPD: all cases had no more than 1 T follicular helper (THF) marker was expressed, and there were significantly more EBER+/CD3 + cells than EBER+/CD20 + cells; 5 cases had mutation detection results, in which only 1 had the characteristic KMT2D mutation, 2 had TET2 mutations, and no common mutations such as DDX3X were detected.16 cases of AITL with multiple EBV infections: all cases were found to express at least 2 TFH markers, with 87% of them expressing at least 3 TFH markers., and had significantly more EBER+/CD20 + cells than EBER+/CD3 + cells; 4 cases had mutation test results, with mutated high-frequency genes being TET2 (100%, and all of them had 2 or more TET2 mutations) and RHOA G17V (100%), DNMT3A mutation occurred in 2 cases (50%), and IDH2 R172 mutation occurred in 1 case (25%).

Conclusions: We found that the expression pattern of TFH markers, the types of cells predominantly infected by EBV and the different mutations can all be used as effective pathological indicators for distinguishing between two diseases.

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来源期刊

Infectious Agents and Cancer ONCOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Infectious Agents and Cancer is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of basic, clinical, epidemiological and translational research providing an insight into the association between chronic infections and cancer. The journal welcomes submissions in the pathogen-related cancer areas and other related topics, in particular: • HPV and anogenital cancers, as well as head and neck cancers; • EBV and Burkitt lymphoma; • HCV/HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as lymphoproliferative diseases; • HHV8 and Kaposi sarcoma; • HTLV and leukemia; • Cancers in Low- and Middle-income countries. The link between infection and cancer has become well established over the past 50 years, and infection-associated cancer contribute up to 16% of cancers in developed countries and 33% in less developed countries. Preventive vaccines have been developed for only two cancer-causing viruses, highlighting both the opportunity to prevent infection-associated cancers by vaccination and the gaps that remain before vaccines can be developed for other cancer-causing agents. These gaps are due to incomplete understanding of the basic biology, natural history, epidemiology of many of the pathogens that cause cancer, the mechanisms they exploit to cause cancer, and how to interrupt progression to cancer in human populations. Early diagnosis or identification of lesions at high risk of progression represent the current most critical research area of the field supported by recent advances in genomics and proteomics technologies.