Sustainable nitrogen management in maize using optical sensor: Assessing yield, economics, and environmental impact

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109753

Pravin Kumar Upadhyay , Vinod Kumar Singh , Kapila Shekhawat , Brahma Swaroop Dwivedi , Rajendra Prasad Mishra , Rajiv Kumar Singh , Sanjay Singh Rathore , Susheel Kumar Singh , Meenu Rani , Sayantika Sarkar , Abir Dey , Subhash Babu , Rabi N. Sahoo , G.A. Rajanna , Vishal Tyagi , Sunil Kumar , Meenakshi , Anjali Patel , Gaurav Shukla

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Conventional nitrogen (N) application across large irrigated maize field often leads to low N use efficiency (NUE) due to substantial spatial and temporal variations in N needs throughout the growing season. This study aimed to optimize N management and enhance NUE in maize using the GreenSeeker™ (GS™) optical sensor, calibrated in conjunction with Nutrient Expert® (NE®). Field experiments conducted from 2012 to 2014 established a strong relationship between In-Season Estimated Yield (INSEY) at key growth stages (V₂–V₁₉) and maize yield, with R² values from 0.70 to 0.79. Based on INSEY–yield relationships at V₇ and V₁₁, N management prescriptions were implemented between 2015 and 2019 in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The most effective strategy, NE® + 2-GS™, involved a basal N application per NE® guidelines and two split applications guided by GS™ at V₇ and V₁₁. This approach improved grain yield by 22.4 %, enhanced agronomic efficiency (31.6 kg yield kg⁻¹ N applied), and increased NUE compared to state recommendations (SR). Additionally, NE® + 2-GS™ improved N energy use efficiency by 37.4 %, reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 21.0 %, and achieved a higher eco-efficiency index (0.19 US $ MJ⁻¹ and 1.03 US $ kg⁻¹) than SR. The carbon footprint on a yield scale (CFy) was reduced by 48.2 %, indicating a substantial decrease in CO₂ emissions per economic yield unit. These findings support NE® + 2-GS™ as a feasible and environmentally sustainable strategy for efficient N management in maize.

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利用光学传感器对玉米进行可持续氮管理：评估产量、经济和环境影响

由于整个生长季节氮素需求的时空变化，大面积灌溉玉米田的常规氮肥施用往往导致氮素利用效率（NUE）较低。本研究旨在利用GreenSeeker™（GS™）光学传感器优化玉米氮素管理并提高氮素利用效率，该传感器与nutrition Expert®（NE®）一起校准。2012 - 2014年的田间试验结果表明，关键生育期（V2-V19）当季估计产量（INSEY）与玉米产量之间存在较强的相关关系，R²值为0.70 ~ 0.79。基于V7和V11的insey -产量关系，2015 - 2019年在印度恒河平原实施了氮素管理处方。最有效的策略是NE®+ 2-GS™，包括每个NE®指南的基础N应用和两个在V7和V11由GS™指导的分裂应用。与国家建议（SR）相比，该方法提高了粮食产量22.4% %，提高了农艺效率（31.6 公斤产量kg - 1施氮），并提高了氮肥利用效率。此外，NE®+ 2-GS™比sr提高了37.4% %的氮素能源利用效率，减少了21.0% %的温室气体排放，实现了更高的生态效率指数（0.19 US $ MJ−1和1.03 US $ kg−1）。在产量规模（CFy）上的碳足迹减少了48.2% %，表明每经济产量单位的二氧化碳排放量大幅减少。这些发现支持NE®+ 2-GS™作为玉米氮素有效管理的可行且环境可持续的策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.