Malaria and associated factors among under-five children in Borena pastoral communities, southern Ethiopia.

Frontiers in parasitology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fpara.2024.1438218
Alqeer Aliyo, Wako Golicha, Anteneh Fikrie
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Abstract

Background: Malaria continues to be an important threat to public health and infects millions of children under 5 years of age each year. Although Ethiopia has set targets for at-risk group interventions to eradicate and manage malaria, the illness is still a serious public health problem in areas where it is endemic, especially in the unique lowlands in the Borena zone.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among children in Borena's pastoral communities, Oromia Regional State, southern Ethiopia, in 2022.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to 30 April 2022 among 437 randomly selected households with children under 5 years of age in pastoral communities in the Borena zone. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with structured and pretested questionnaires and blood sample examination using microscopy. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared and examined under a microscope at a health center to confirm malaria cases. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with malaria, and a p-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Result: The prevalence of malaria among children under 5 years of age was 27.8% (95% CI = 23.5-32.1), and the prevalence rates of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed malaria were 68.4%, 25.6%, and 6%, respectively. Regarding the proportion of malaria among age groups, 81% of children under 5 years of age between 48 and 59 months were malaria-positive. In this study, fever within the last week (AOR = 13.34, 95% CI = 6.37-27.95) and not sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI =1.95-4.92) were significantly associated with malaria. The age of the children was negatively associated with malaria prevalence.

Conclusion: The prevalence of malaria among children under 5 years old was high during the rainy season in this pastoral region of Ethiopia. Factors such as fever within the last week and not sleeping in insecticide-treated nets were significantly associated with malaria. Therefore, to reduce malaria-related infections and deaths among children under 5 years of age, the government ought to enhance the availability and utilization of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs).

埃塞俄比亚南部Borena牧区五岁以下儿童的疟疾及其相关因素。
背景:疟疾仍然是对公共卫生的一个重要威胁,每年有数百万5岁以下儿童受到感染。尽管埃塞俄比亚为高危群体制定了根除和管理疟疾的干预措施目标,但在疟疾流行的地区,特别是在博勒纳地区独特的低地,这种疾病仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题。目的:本研究旨在确定2022年埃塞俄比亚南部奥罗米亚州Borena牧区儿童疟疾患病率及其相关因素。方法:从2022年3月1日至4月30日,在Borena区牧区随机抽取437户有5岁以下儿童的家庭进行社区横断面研究。通过面对面访谈、结构化和预测问卷和镜检血液样本收集数据。在卫生中心准备了厚血涂片和薄血涂片,并在显微镜下检查,以确认疟疾病例。采用SPSS 25对数据进行分析。采用双变量和多变量logistic回归分析确定与疟疾相关的因素,p值结果为:5岁以下儿童疟疾患病率为27.8% (95% CI = 23.5 ~ 32.1),恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫和混合疟疾患病率分别为68.4%、25.6%和6%。关于各年龄组疟疾的比例,在48至59个月的5岁以下儿童中,有81%呈疟疾阳性。在本研究中,最后一周发烧(AOR = 13.34, 95% CI = 6.37 ~ 27.95)和未在杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐(ITNs)下睡觉(AOR = 3.10, 95% CI =1.95 ~ 4.92)与疟疾显著相关。儿童的年龄与疟疾流行率呈负相关。结论:埃塞俄比亚这一牧区5岁以下儿童在雨季疟疾发病率较高。在过去一周内发烧和不在经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐中睡觉等因素与疟疾显著相关。因此,为了减少5岁以下儿童中与疟疾有关的感染和死亡,政府应该加强驱虫蚊帐的供应和利用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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