Advancing pancreatic cancer research and therapeutics: the transformative role of organoid technology

Abstract

Research on pancreatic cancer has transformed with the advent of organoid technology, providing a better platform that closely mimics cancer biology in vivo. This review highlights the critical advancements facilitated by pancreatic organoid models in understanding disease progression, evaluating therapeutic responses, and identifying biomarkers. These three-dimensional cultures enable the proper recapitulation of the cellular architecture and genetic makeup of the original tumors, providing insights into the complex molecular and cellular dynamics at various stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We explore the applications of pancreatic organoids in dissecting the tumor microenvironment (TME); elucidating cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms; and personalizing therapeutic strategies. By overcoming the limitations of traditional 2D cultures and animal models, the use of pancreatic organoids has significantly accelerated translational research, which is promising for improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in clinical settings, ultimately aiming to improve the outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is a challenging disease to study and treat. This article discusses how researchers have developed pancreatic organoids to better study this cancer. Organoids are created by growing cells in a specialized 3D matrix, allowing them to form structures that resemble tissues found in the body. This method is more effective than traditional 2D cultures because it better replicates the natural environment of the cells. Researchers use these organoids to study cancer progression, test new drugs, and understand genetic changes in tumors. They can be made from small tissue samples, making them useful for studying advanced cancer stages where tissue is scarce. The findings from organoid studies help identify potential new treatments and improve our understanding of pancreatic cancer biology. In conclusion, pancreatic organoids offer a promising tool for advancing cancer research and developing personalized treatments. This summary was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then revised and fact-checked by the author.