Emotional and psychosocial functioning in youngsters with a congenital heart disease (CHD) in comparison to healthy controls.

Abstract

Objective: Due to their medical vulnerability, youngsters with congenital heart disease (CHD) may experience more overwhelming emotions than healthy peers. This multi-informant-based study aims to examine differences between these youngsters and their peers in psychosocial functioning, attachment and emotion regulation.

Study design: 217 youngsters (8-18 years) with CHD (53.9 % boys, 46.1 % girls) were compared to 232 healthy controls (52.6 % boys, 47.4 % girls) matched for gender, age and education. Participants and parents completed online self-report questionnaires assessing psychosocial functioning (SDQ), attachment (ECR-RC), and maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies (ERS; FEEL-KJ).

Results: Based on child's self-reports MANOVA's showed no significant differences between the groups in psychosocial functioning. However, based on parent reports, differences were found between the groups in psychosocial functioning for the total scales and overarching subscales. No differences were found between the groups for insecure attachment to either parent. However, youngsters with CHD and their fathers reported more use of self-devaluation compared to controls (p = .03). Other maladaptive ERS (giving up, withdrawal, rumination, aggressive actions) showed no differences.

Conclusions: Care interventions for children with CHD should address medical, emotional, and social needs, with a focus on multi-informant evaluations to support emotional well-being. Nurses are important partners in detecting psychosocial difficulties and providing family support. Patient- and family-centered care involves patients, parents and caregivers in the care plan, recognizing their key role, especially as youngsters often perceive their psychosocial health differently than their parents. Although differences were noted compared to the control group, the study's cross-sectional design limits conclusions on evolution with time.