Sex and age distribution of global disease burden of non-rheumatic calcific aortic valve disease from 1990 to 2021.

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze sex and age distribution of global disease burden of non-rheumatic calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: CAVD data 1990-2021 were obtained from the IHME website for Global Burden of Disease (GBD). The prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed by gender and age groups. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC).

Results: In 2021, there were 13.32 million CAVD patients and 142 000 deaths caused by CAVD globally. Age-standardized prevalence was higher in males (193.2/10⁵) than that in females (128.9/10⁵). Patients in 65-85 age group accounted for 64.0% of total cases, while those ≥85 years old accounted for 16.1%. From 1990-2021, prevalence increased in both sexes with an AAPC of 0.72% for males and 0.57% for females, respectively. Prevalence grew fastest from 2000-2010, slowed thereafter, and declined from 2015-2021. In those <65 years old, the mortality of males was 2.4 times higher than that of females, while in those ≥85 years old, mortality of females (117.3/10⁵) exceeded that of males (99.1/10⁵). YLD rates increased with age, and were higher in males for all age groups. DALY rates decreased overall but increased in those ≥85 years old, with a greater increase in females.

Conclusions: There are significant gender and age disparities in global disease burden of CAVD, with particular concern for the elderly, especially super-elderly females, indicating the need for personalized intervention strategies.