The neuroprotective role of volatile oils: insights into chemical profiles, characteristics, neurochemical mechanisms, and preclinical studies in Alzheimer's disease.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Inflammopharmacology Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI:10.1007/s10787-024-01626-5

Meghraj Suryawanshi, Pranjal Gujarathi, Bhupendra Prajapati, Kuldeep Vinchurkar, Piyush Gujarathi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Volatile oils (VOs), synonymously termed essential oils (EOs), are highly hydrophobic liquids obtained from aromatic plants, containing diverse organic compounds for example terpenes and terpenoids. These oils exhibit significant neuroprotective properties, containing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, glutamate activation, cholinesterase inhibitory action, and anti-protein aggregatory action, making them potential therapeutic agents in managing neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). VOs regulate glutamate activation, enhance synaptic plasticity, and inhibit oxidative stress through the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes. They also reduce inflammation by inhibiting key inflammatory mediators and enzymes. Furthermore, VOs prevent neuronal apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-related proteins and caspases. Their anti-protein aggregation potential helps mitigate the accumulation of misfolded proteins, a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, VOs inhibit cholinesterase enzymes, increasing acetylcholine levels, and improving neuronal communication. In addition to their neuroprotective action, it also exerts some toxic effects, such as genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, embryotoxicity, and hypersensitivity, which are most commonly caused by the presence of monoterpenes in the volatile oils. This review examines the diverse functions of vasoactive oxidants (VOs) in neuroprotection, underscoring their therapeutic promise for various neurological conditions, with a particular emphasis on Alzheimer's disease.

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挥发油的神经保护作用：对阿尔茨海默病的化学特征、特征、神经化学机制和临床前研究的见解

挥发性油（VOs），也称为精油（EOs），是一种从芳香植物中提取的高度疏水的液体，含有多种有机化合物，如萜烯和萜类化合物。这些油具有显著的神经保护特性，含有抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡、谷氨酸活化、胆碱酯酶抑制作用和抗蛋白质聚集作用，使其成为治疗神经退行性疾病（NDs）的潜在治疗药物。VOs通过刺激抗氧化酶调节谷氨酸激活，增强突触可塑性，抑制氧化应激。它们还通过抑制关键的炎症介质和酶来减少炎症。此外，VOs通过调节凋亡相关蛋白和半胱天冬酶来防止神经元凋亡。它们的抗蛋白质聚集潜力有助于减轻错误折叠蛋白质的积累，这是神经退行性疾病的标志。此外，挥发性有机化合物抑制胆碱酯酶，增加乙酰胆碱水平，改善神经元通讯。除了具有神经保护作用外，它还具有一些毒性作用，如遗传毒性、肝毒性、胚胎毒性和过敏，这些毒性最常见的是由挥发油中单萜烯的存在引起的。本文综述了血管活性氧化剂（VOs）在神经保护中的多种功能，强调了它们对各种神经系统疾病的治疗前景，特别强调了阿尔茨海默病。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Inflammopharmacology IMMUNOLOGYTOXICOLOGY-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

3.40%

发文量

200

期刊介绍： Inflammopharmacology is the official publication of the Gastrointestinal Section of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the Hungarian Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Society (HECPS). Inflammopharmacology publishes papers on all aspects of inflammation and its pharmacological control emphasizing comparisons of (a) different inflammatory states, and (b) the actions, therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs employed in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The comparative aspects of the types of inflammatory conditions include gastrointestinal disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn''s disease), parasitic diseases, toxicological manifestations of the effects of drugs and environmental agents, arthritic conditions, and inflammatory effects of injury or aging on skeletal muscle. The journal has seven main interest areas: -Drug-Disease Interactions - Conditional Pharmacology - i.e. where the condition (disease or stress state) influences the therapeutic response and side (adverse) effects from anti-inflammatory drugs. Mechanisms of drug-disease and drug disease interactions and the role of different stress states -Rheumatology - particular emphasis on methods of measurement of clinical response effects of new agents, adverse effects from anti-rheumatic drugs -Gastroenterology - with particular emphasis on animal and human models, mechanisms of mucosal inflammation and ulceration and effects of novel and established anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory agents, or antiparasitic agents -Neuro-Inflammation and Pain - model systems, pharmacology of new analgesic agents and mechanisms of neuro-inflammation and pain -Novel drugs, natural products and nutraceuticals - and their effects on inflammatory processes, especially where there are indications of novel modes action compared with conventional drugs e.g. NSAIDs -Muscle-immune interactions during inflammation [...]