Thymol as a Novel Plant-Derived Antibacterial Agent for Suppressing Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum in Cotton.

IF 2.3 3区生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Current Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI:10.1007/s00284-025-04077-5

Muhammad Naveed Aslam, Huma Khaliq, Hongwei Zhao, Anam Moosa, Ambreen Maqsood, Muhammad Aslam Farooqi, Muhammad Saqib Bilal, Tahir Mahmood, Tariq Mukhtar

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Abstract

Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm) associated with bacterial blight disease is a significant and widespread pathogen affecting cotton worldwide. The excessive use of harmful chemicals to control plant pathogens has exerted a negative impact on environmental safety. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol present in the essential oils of plants belonging to Lamiaceae family. In this study the antimicrobial activity of thymol was evaluated against Xcm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 99.9% bactericidal concentration (MBC) of thymol against Xcm were 2 and 4 mg/mL, respectively. The effect of MIC and MBC of thymol against Xcm was assessed on the Luria-Bertani medium. The effect of thymol on intercellular ATP levels, membrane potential, and motility in Xcm was assessed using fluorescence spectrometry for membrane potential and firefly luciferase-based assay for ATP levels. Thymol ruptured the cellular membrane of Xcm, resulting in decreased intracellular ATP concentrations, intracellular leakage of genetic material, and changes in membrane potential. Scanning electron microscopy images supported the impact of thymol on the cell membrane of Xcm. Moreover, thymol inhibited the swimming motility and biofilm formation of Xcm at concentrations equal to or above the MIC and MBC. In contrast, sub-MIC concentrations of thymol had little to no impact on the virulence of Xcm. In conclusion, thymol demonstrated the potential as a strong bactericidal compound against Xcm.

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百里香酚作为抑制柑橘黄单胞菌的新型植物源抗菌剂。棉花中的malvacearum。

柑橘黄单胞菌。与白叶枯病相关的malvacearum （Xcm）是影响棉花的一种重要而广泛的病原菌。过度使用有害化学物质防治植物病原菌，对环境安全造成了不利影响。百里香酚是一种存在于Lamiaceae植物精油中的单萜酚。研究了百里香酚对Xcm的抑菌活性。百里香酚对Xcm的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为2 mg/mL， 99.9%杀菌浓度（MBC）为4 mg/mL。在Luria-Bertani培养基上评价百里香酚的MIC和MBC对Xcm的抑制作用。采用荧光光谱法测定膜电位，荧光素酶法测定ATP水平，评估百里香酚对Xcm细胞间ATP水平、膜电位和运动性的影响。百里香酚使Xcm细胞膜破裂，导致细胞内ATP浓度降低，细胞内遗传物质渗漏，膜电位改变。扫描电镜图像支持百里香酚对Xcm细胞膜的影响。此外，当百里香酚浓度等于或高于MIC和MBC时，可以抑制Xcm的游泳运动和生物膜的形成。而百里香酚亚mic浓度对Xcm的毒力几乎没有影响。综上所述，百里香酚具有很强的杀菌作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Microbiology 生物-微生物学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

3.80%

发文量

380

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： Current Microbiology is a well-established journal that publishes articles in all aspects of microbial cells and the interactions between the microorganisms, their hosts and the environment. Current Microbiology publishes original research articles, short communications, reviews and letters to the editor, spanning the following areas: physiology, biochemistry, genetics, genomics, biotechnology, ecology, evolution, morphology, taxonomy, diagnostic methods, medical and clinical microbiology and immunology as applied to microorganisms.