Statin use is associated with protection against acute cholangitis in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at increased risk for acute cholangitis. The epidemiological risks for cholangitis are poorly studied despite the high morbidity associated with this infection. This study's aim was to understand the impact of statins on acute cholangitis in PSC.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed data from 294 patients with PSC at Stanford Medical Center, Baylor Medical Center, and Valley Medical Center. Clinical factors associated with development of cholangitis were identified using multivariable Cox regression.

Results: The patients were predominantly male (68.7%) with a median age at enrollment of 48 years [IQR: 31.0-60.8]. Fifty patients (17.0%) were prescribed statins. Median follow-up time was 6 years [IQR: 2.0-12.0], in which 29.6% (n=87) developed cholangitis.In multivariable analysis, statins were associated with an 81% reduction in cholangitis (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.03-0.64). Statins were associated with a lower incidence of cholangitis at 36 months compared with patients not on statin therapy (incidence of 11.9% vs 34.7%, p<0.001). Statins were also associated with increased time-to-stricture (p=0.004), an outcome known to be associated with PSC complications1,2.

Discussion: Statin therapy is associated with reduced risk of cholangitis in PSC, possibly by delaying time to development of a dominant or high-grade strictures. In patients with PSC, use of statin therapy may be a beneficial modality to prevent the development of cholangitis and warrants further investigation.