Synthesis and characterization of new (Au, Ru, and Rh) ion complexes and evaluating their activity as anticancer and antioxidants.

Abstract

Azo dye was used to prepare a new series of complexes with chlorides of rhodium (Rh⁺³), ruthenium (Ru⁺³), and corona (Au⁺³). The prepared materials were subjected to infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and mass spectrometry, as well as thermogravimetric analysis, differential calorimetry, and elemental analysis. Conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, metal content, and chlorine content of the complexes were also measured. The complexes prepared from the dye were used to determine their ability to inhibit free radicals by measuring their antioxidant capacity using DPPH as a free radical and ascorbic acid as a standard substance and then determining the IC₅₀ value. The ability to inhibit free radicals of the complexes varied according to the IC₅₀ value and its comparison with ascorbic acid. The gold complex gave the highest ability to inhibit free radicals compared to the rest of the complexes, and this was the case and it was. The results are as follows (ascorbic acid >[Au(L)Cl]>[Rh(L)(H₂O)₂Cl]>[Ru(L)(H₂O)₂ Cl]. The effectiveness of corona and rhodium complexes as anticancer agents has been studied for specific types of breast cancer. Five different concentrations at a wavelength of 570 nm were used. From this, the average percentage of cell survival was calculated. It has been found that the highest concentration of 600 µg/ml increases the inhibition of cancer cells. The gold complex exhibited the highest inhibition, providing the strongest anticancer activity and the most effective inhibition of free radicals.