Optimizing the lead-free CsSnBr3/Cs2SnI6 perovskite solar cells: a theoretical study using SCAPS-1D

Abstract

The optimization of critical parameters to enhance solar cell efficiency has been made possible by the use of SCAPS-1D modeling software, which has facilitated the exhaustive analysis of device performance under a variety of operating conditions. The SCAPS-1D software is utilized in this investigation to simulate and optimize heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a proposed configuration of FTO/ZnOS/CsSnBr₃/Cs₂SnI₆. The bilayer absorption scenario is expected to facilitate the efficient absorption of the solar spectrum and the enhancement of the stability and efficiency of PSCs. The performance of absorbers is assessed using a variety of factors, including absorption thickness, work function, working temperature, defect density, series, and shunt resistance (Rs, R_SH). The optimization of the physical factors substantially enhanced the overall performance capacity for the CsSnBr₃/Cs₂SnI₆-based devices. The optimized device exhibited outstanding performance, achieving a fill factor (FF) of 81.98%, an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 1.24 V, a short-circuit current density (J_SC) of 19.09 mA/cm^2, and an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 19.44%. These simulation models illustrate the exceptional potential of the novel lead-free heterojunction structure for highly stable and efficient PSCs.