Advancing the 3D printing of magnetoactive epoxy shape memory composites: correlating the rheology, printability, and shape fidelity

IF 2.6 4区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Journal of Polymer Research Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI:10.1007/s10965-024-04247-2

Mohammad Hossein Zamani, Zoubeida Ounaies

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Abstract

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) stand out as versatile candidates possessing actuation, shape memory effect, and sensing capabilities. This study investigates the impact of iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) functionalization by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) on the magnetic and rheological properties of SMP composites. Optical microscopy shows improved Fe₃O₄ particle dispersion and distribution due to PEG coating. Magnetic characterization using Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) reveals enhanced mass magnetization of the functionalized Fe₃O₄-loaded SMP composites. By replacing unfunctionalized Fe₃O₄ with Fe₃O₄_PEG20, the saturation magnetization of SMP composites improved by 19%. Rheological tests reveal that fumed silica has a major effect on the shear thinning behavior of SMP dispersions. Also, PEG functionalized dispersions exhibit enhanced shear thinning behavior and shape fidelity compared to unfunctionalized dispersions. Shape fidelity test revealed the reduction of die-swell of SMP dispersions loaded with Fe₃O₄_PEG30 and improved percent deformation from 439 to 5% for SMP(93.39)_Silica(4.11)_Fe₃O₄(2.5) and SMP(83.81)_Silica(3.69)_Fe₃O₄(12.5)_PEG30, respectively. The improved rheological behavior and shape fidelity make PEG-functionalized SMP composites promising candidates for 3D printing and other processing methods. These findings contribute to the development of advanced stimuli-responsive materials with tunable properties for various applications, including soft robotics, and biomedical devices.

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推进磁活性环氧形状记忆复合材料的3D打印：相关的流变性，可打印性和形状保真度

形状记忆聚合物（SMPs）作为具有驱动、形状记忆效应和传感能力的多功能候选材料脱颖而出。研究了聚乙二醇（PEG）功能化氧化铁（Fe3O4）对SMP复合材料磁性和流变性能的影响。光学显微镜显示，PEG涂层改善了Fe3O4颗粒的分散和分布。利用振动样品磁强计（VSM）进行磁性表征，发现功能化fe3o4负载的SMP复合材料的质量磁化强度增强。用Fe3O4_PEG20取代未官能化的Fe3O4， SMP复合材料的饱和磁化强度提高了19%。流变学试验表明，气相二氧化硅对SMP分散体的剪切减薄行为有重要影响。此外，与非功能化分散体相比，PEG功能化分散体表现出增强的剪切减薄行为和形状保真度。形状保真度测试表明，SMP(93.39)_Silica(4.11)_Fe3O4（2.5）和SMP(83.81)_Silica(3.69)_Fe3O4(12.5)_PEG30分别减少了SMP分散体的模胀，将变形率从439提高到5%。改进的流变行为和形状保真度使peg功能化SMP复合材料成为3D打印和其他加工方法的有希望的候选材料。这些发现有助于开发具有可调性能的先进刺激响应材料，用于各种应用，包括软机器人和生物医学设备。

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来源期刊

Journal of Polymer Research 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

7.10%

发文量

472

审稿时长

3.6 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Polymer Research provides a forum for the prompt publication of articles concerning the fundamental and applied research of polymers. Its great feature lies in the diversity of content which it encompasses, drawing together results from all aspects of polymer science and technology. As polymer research is rapidly growing around the globe, the aim of this journal is to establish itself as a significant information tool not only for the international polymer researchers in academia but also for those working in industry. The scope of the journal covers a wide range of the highly interdisciplinary field of polymer science and technology, including: polymer synthesis; polymer reactions; polymerization kinetics; polymer physics; morphology; structure-property relationships; polymer analysis and characterization; physical and mechanical properties; electrical and optical properties; polymer processing and rheology; application of polymers; supramolecular science of polymers; polymer composites.