Fabrication of Cu-Matrix Composites Reinforced by ZTA Particles Through Spontaneous Infiltration and Evaluation of the Tribological Properties

Abstract

A dense bulk zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA)-reinforced copper matrix composite with high particle content was fabricated by using a non-pressure infiltration method. The impact of different CuO content on the properties of ZTA/Cu matrix composites was investigated, and materials’ microstructure was analyzed. The results indicate that with a CuO content of 35 wt.%, the relative density, hardness, and electrical conductivity reached optimal values of 89.7%, 145.7 HV, and 16.2%IACS, respectively. Meanwhile, the friction coefficient and wear loss were 0.35 mm³ and 0.059 mm³, reducing it by 57.4% and 20.4% compared with pure Cu. Additionally, variations in composite morphology were observed based on CuO content, as the incorporation of CuO led to the segregation of oxygen at the interface, which plays a critical role in reducing interfacial energy between the particles and the matrix, thereby improved wettability. These findings provide valuable insight into the potential use of non-pressure infiltration methods in producing high-density ZTA-reinforced copper matrix composites, offering a pathway toward enhanced mechanical and tribological performance.