Thermal Noise Rectification with Graphene

Abstract

Thermal noise is an inherent and unavoidable phenomenon present in all electronic devices and communication systems. It arises from the random thermal motion of electrons in a conductor, causing signal degradation, reduced sensitivity, and bandwidth limitations. Here, we report on thermal noise rectification using a graphene ballistic diode based on the Tesla valve structure, enabling energy harvesting according to its fundamental principle. With input from a resistor, the device can produce up to a few microvolts, which is significant for nanoelectronic devices. The generated voltage increases proportionally with the input resistors, consistent with Nyquist's theory. This study shows promising directions for creating zero-energy devices, which will operate without batteries.