Picoxystrobin causes mitochondrial dysfunction in earthworms by interfering with complex enzyme activity and binding to the electron carrier cytochrome c protein

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125732

Wentian Zhao, Kai Wang, Xiyan Mu, Jiazhen Jiang, Yang yang, Chengju Wang

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Abstract

Picoxystrobin (PICO) poses a great threat to earthworms due to its widespread use in agriculture and its stability in soil. Mitochondria may be a sensitive target organ for the toxic effects of PICO on worms. Therefore, evaluating the effect of PICO on mitochondria can further understand the toxic mechanism of PICO to earthworms. Here, we investigated the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity of PICO to earthworms at environmentally relevant concentrations (62.5, 125 and 250 μg/kg). Transmission electron microscopy observed that PICO disrupted mitochondrial ultrastructure. PICO reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited the expression of mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 51 kDa (MiD51). PICO interfered with the electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity and the relative transcription of its subunits. In particular, PICO inhibited complex III activity, cytochrome c (Cyt c, an electron carrier protein that transfers electrons from complex III to complex IV) activity, and ATP level. These changes were observed at PICO concentrations as low as 62.5 μg/kg. Molecular docking analysis indicated that PICO can directly bind to Cyt c with a minimum free energy of -7.84 kcal/mol, thus hindering electron transfer in the ETC. This study confirmed that PICO induces mitochondrial dysfunction in earthworms and contributes to effective pesticide management.

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Picoxystrobin通过干扰复杂酶活性和结合电子载体细胞色素c蛋白引起蚯蚓线粒体功能障碍

吡嘧菌酯（PICO）在农业上的广泛应用及其在土壤中的稳定性对蚯蚓造成了极大的威胁。线粒体可能是PICO对蠕虫毒性作用的敏感靶器官。因此，评价PICO对线粒体的影响可以进一步了解PICO对蚯蚓的毒性机制。在此，我们研究了环境相关浓度（62.5、125和250 μg/kg）下PICO对蚯蚓线粒体毒性的机制。透射电镜观察到PICO破坏线粒体超微结构。PICO降低了线粒体膜电位，抑制了51 kDa线粒体动力学蛋白（MiD51）的表达。PICO干扰电子传递链（ETC）复合物的活性及其亚基的相对转录。特别是，PICO抑制复合物III活性、细胞色素c （Cyt c，一种将电子从复合物III转移到复合物IV的电子载体蛋白）活性和ATP水平。在PICO浓度低至62.5 μg/kg时观察到这些变化。分子对接分析表明，PICO能以-7.84 kcal/mol的最小自由能直接与Cyt c结合，从而阻碍ETC中的电子转移。本研究证实PICO诱导蚯蚓线粒体功能障碍，有助于有效的农药管理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.