Bio-diesel derived from wheat germ oil: Analyzing fuel properties and enhancing yield through response surface methodology

IF 6.2 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120477

Dhirendra Kumar, Sabindra Kachhap, Avinash Petta

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Abstract

In the current experimental study, the emphasis lies on the function of unconventional wheat germ oil for the generation befitting to biodiesel through transesterification employing base catalyst. To decline the concentration of free fatty acid (FFA) in the oil, an initial esterification employing H₂SO₄ was preceded the transesterification reaction. The esterified oil advanced methanol-contemplated transesterification, ensuing in the generation of wheat germ oil methyl esters (WGOMEs) and glycerol as a byproduct. The transesterification process was executed with optimized reaction conditions, including an alcohol-to-oil molecular scale of 6:1, a temperature of 55°C, KOH concentration at 1.00 %, a respond duration of 100 min, and a stirring velocity of 720 rpm. Remarkably, a maximum yield of 92.4 % for WGOMEs was attained. The identification of various functional groups in WGOMEs was conducted using FTIR. Furthermore, the fuel properties of WGOMEs were assessed and contrasted against established standards. Subsequently, the optimization was validated throughout the centre composite experimental design (CCD) employing response surface methodology (RSM).The discoveries of the research justify the utilization of wheat germ oil as a beneficial non-edible, unconventional oil source for the synthesis of premium-quality biodiesel with enhanced value.

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小麦胚芽油生物柴油：用响应面法分析燃料特性和提高产量

在目前的实验研究中，重点研究非常规小麦胚芽油在碱催化酯交换制备适合生物柴油中的作用。为了降低油中游离脂肪酸（FFA）的浓度，在酯交换反应之前用H2SO4进行初始酯化反应。酯化油推进甲醇-预期酯交换反应，随后产生小麦胚芽油甲酯（WGOMEs）和甘油作为副产物。优化反应条件为醇油分子比为6:1，温度为55℃，KOH浓度为1.00 %，反应时间为100 min，搅拌速度为720 rpm。值得注意的是，wgome的最高产率为92.4 %。利用FTIR对wgome中的各种官能团进行了鉴定。此外，还对wgome的燃料性能进行了评估，并与既定标准进行了对比。随后，采用响应面法（RSM）在中心复合实验设计（CCD）中对优化结果进行验证。该研究的发现证明了利用小麦胚芽油作为一种有益的非食用的非常规油源来合成具有更高价值的优质生物柴油。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Industrial Crops and Products 农林科学-农业工程

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

8.50%

发文量

1518

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Industrial Crops and Products is an International Journal publishing academic and industrial research on industrial (defined as non-food/non-feed) crops and products. Papers concern both crop-oriented and bio-based materials from crops-oriented research, and should be of interest to an international audience, hypothesis driven, and where comparisons are made statistics performed.