Intra-tumoral bacteria in breast cancer and intervention strategies

Abstract

The microbiome, consisting of a wide range of both beneficial and harmful microorganisms, is vital to various physiological and pathological processes in the human body, including cancer pathogenesis. Tumor progression is often accompanied by the destruction of the vascular system, allowing bacteria to circulate into the tumor area and flourish in an immunosuppressive environment. Microbes are recognized as significant components of the tumor microenvironment. Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of breast-specific microbial communities in the onset, progression, and treatment of breast cancer—the most prevalent cancer among women. This review elucidates the potential mechanisms by which these microorganisms impact breast cancer and discusses different therapeutic approaches aimed at targeting bacteria within tumors. It provides essential insights for enhancing existing treatment paradigms while paving the way for novel anticancer interventions. As our understanding of the microbiome’s intricate relationship with cancer deepens, it opens avenues for groundbreaking strategies that could redefine oncology.