Urinary concentrations of arsenic species in older Dutch adults and risk of chronic kidney disease

IF 10.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109289

Hannah P. McKeon , Weiluan Chen , Jan Dirk te Biesebeek , Nanette G. Vrijenhoek , Jacqueline J.M. Castenmiller , Marcel J.B. Mengelers

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Abstract

Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) is associated with various cancers and nephrotoxicity. It occurs in different chemical forms which vary in toxicological potential. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is used to measure internal (all-route) exposure to different As species. To assess the risk of internal As exposure, toxic relevant arsenic (TRA) (sum of arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), and their methylation metabolites, monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA)) in urine should be used.

Morning urine samples of 288 Dutch adults (aged 52–91 years) were analysed for As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA, arsenobetaine (AsB) and total As using ICP-MS. The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) related to TRA exposure in participants was assessed. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of inorganic As (iAs) was calculated for each participant using food consumption and occurrence data, and the correlation between EDIs and urinary TRA concentrations was investigated.

The detection frequency of the individual As species in urine was high (59–100 %). The median and 95th percentile concentrations (middle bound) were 0.24 and 0.77 µg As(III)/g creatinine, 0.12 and 0.74 µg As(V)/g creatinine, 0.96 and 2.54 µg MMA/g creatinine, 8.09 and 63.82 µg DMA/g creatinine and 8.69 and 166.15 µg AsB/g creatinine, respectively. For total As, the detection frequency was 93 %, with median and 95th percentile concentrations of 10.96 and 131.53 µg/g creatinine, respectively. For calculated TRA, the median and 95th percentile concentrations were 5.75 and 35.53 µg/g creatinine, with DMA being the major contributor (85 %). A human biomonitoring-toxicological value (HBM-TV) of 13.7 µg TRA/g creatinine in urine was derived to assess the risk of CKD, and the risk could not be excluded in approximately 11 % of participants. A weak positive association was found between participants’ iAs EDIs and urinary TRA concentrations (ρ = 0.16–0.24).

This study has generated novel concentration data of As species in morning urine samples of older Dutch adults. The risk assessment results indicate potential concern based on the current exposure in this group of participants. Such findings could be confirmed in a more comprehensive study with a larger and more geographically diverse group of Dutch adults.

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荷兰老年人尿中砷的浓度与慢性肾脏疾病的风险

长期暴露于砷（As）与各种癌症和肾毒性有关。它以不同的化学形式出现，其毒理学潜力各不相同。人体生物监测（HBM）用于测量内部（全途径）暴露于不同的砷。为了评估内部砷暴露的风险，应使用尿中有毒相关砷（TRA）(亚砷酸盐（As(III)），砷酸盐（As（V)）及其甲基化代谢物，单甲基larsonate （MMA）和二甲基larsinate (DMA)）的总和。采用ICP-MS对288例荷兰成人（52-91 岁）晨尿进行As（III）、As(V)、MMA、DMA、arsenobetaine （AsB）和总As的检测。评估参与者中与TRA暴露相关的慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）的风险。使用食物消费和发生数据计算每个参与者的无机砷（iAs）的估计每日摄入量（EDI），并研究EDIs与尿TRA浓度之间的相关性。尿液中单个As的检出率较高（59-100 %）。中位数和第95百分位浓度（中限值）分别为0.24和0.77 µg As(III)/g肌酐、0.12和0.74 µg As(V)/g肌酐、0.96和2.54 µg MMA/g肌酐、8.09和63.82 µg DMA/g肌酐、8.69和166.15 µg AsB/g肌酐。总As的检测频率为93 %，中位和第95百分位浓度分别为10.96和131.53 µg/g肌酐。对于计算的TRA，中位数和第95百分位浓度分别为5.75和35.53 µg/g肌酐，其中DMA是主要贡献者（85 %）。人类生物监测毒理学值（HBM-TV）为13.7 µg TRA/g尿肌酐，用于评估CKD的风险，大约1 %的参与者无法排除风险。参与者的iAs EDIs与尿TRA浓度之间存在弱正相关（ρ = 0.16-0.24）。本研究获得了荷兰老年人晨尿样本中砷的新浓度数据。风险评估结果表明，根据这组参与者目前的暴露情况，存在潜在的担忧。这样的发现可以在一项更全面的研究中得到证实，该研究对荷兰成年人进行了更广泛、更广泛的研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environment International 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

21.90

自引率

3.40%

发文量

734

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Health publishes manuscripts focusing on critical aspects of environmental and occupational medicine, including studies in toxicology and epidemiology, to illuminate the human health implications of exposure to environmental hazards. The journal adopts an open-access model and practices open peer review. It caters to scientists and practitioners across all environmental science domains, directly or indirectly impacting human health and well-being. With a commitment to enhancing the prevention of environmentally-related health risks, Environmental Health serves as a public health journal for the community and scientists engaged in matters of public health significance concerning the environment.