Robust and Regular Micronano Binary Texture on the Complex Curved Surface for Enhanced Reendothelialization and Antithrombotic Performance

Abstract

Blood-contacting medical devices can easily trigger immune responses, leading to thrombosis and hyperblastosis. Constructing microtexture that provides efficient antithrombotic and rapid reendothelialization performance on complex curved surfaces remains a pressing challenge. In this work, we present a robust and regular micronano binary texture on the titanium surface, characterized by exceptional mechanical strength and precisely controlled wettability to achieve excellent hemocompatibility. Systematic in vitro and in vivo investigations confirmed that the micronano binary texture with superhydrophilic modification effectively suppressed the adhesion and activation of plasma proteins and blood cells, thereby mitigating the subsequent coagulation cascade and thrombosis. Meanwhile, the modified surface significantly upregulated the gene expression involving cell–matrix adhesion, growth factor synthesis, and calcium-mediated cytoskeleton remodeling and then accelerated the formation of a healthy and stable endothelial cell layer. This enhancement of re-endothelialization was not observed with pure titanium and superhydrophobic surfaces. Hence, superhydrophilic micronano binary texture not only significantly inhibits thrombosis but also selectively enhances the integrity and viability of the endothelial cell layer, making it a promising strategy for improving the long-term anticoagulation performance of vascular implants.