A wideband coaxial-to-waveguide transition devised with topology optimization.

IF 3.9 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-85396-2

Md Sazzad Hossain, Jane M Lehr, Andrew Fierro, Edl Schamiloglu

{"title":"A wideband coaxial-to-waveguide transition devised with topology optimization.","authors":"Md Sazzad Hossain, Jane M Lehr, Andrew Fierro, Edl Schamiloglu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-85396-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topology optimization is a powerful technique that utilizes the distribution of material properties along with surface topology as parameters to expand a specified performance. While primarily used as a foundational step in regenerative design for structural mechanics, the general TO framework is also applicable to many of the complex issues in electromagnetics such as frequency agile mode converters. This is considered a difficult parameter to optimize since RF components operate on resonance. TO is used on the coaxial-to-rectangular waveguide converter in the range X band. The radiative element chosen is a patch antenna with a ground stop. The original design is transformed into a binary material distribution matrix, where each cell is assigned a value of 0 or 1, while ensuring connectivity between the cells. Then the cell values are altered via a BPSO algorithm to optimize the width of the operating band, resulting in a complex structure that yields a bandwidth 38% larger than the control. The optimized patch structure is fabricated and its performance verified in the frequency range 8-12 GHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"1974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733214/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Scientific Reports","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85396-2","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Topology optimization is a powerful technique that utilizes the distribution of material properties along with surface topology as parameters to expand a specified performance. While primarily used as a foundational step in regenerative design for structural mechanics, the general TO framework is also applicable to many of the complex issues in electromagnetics such as frequency agile mode converters. This is considered a difficult parameter to optimize since RF components operate on resonance. TO is used on the coaxial-to-rectangular waveguide converter in the range X band. The radiative element chosen is a patch antenna with a ground stop. The original design is transformed into a binary material distribution matrix, where each cell is assigned a value of 0 or 1, while ensuring connectivity between the cells. Then the cell values are altered via a BPSO algorithm to optimize the width of the operating band, resulting in a complex structure that yields a bandwidth 38% larger than the control. The optimized patch structure is fabricated and its performance verified in the frequency range 8-12 GHz.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

采用拓扑优化设计的宽带同轴波导转换。

拓扑优化是一种功能强大的技术，它利用材料特性的分布和表面拓扑作为参数来扩展指定的性能。虽然拓扑优化框架主要用作结构力学再生设计的基础步骤，但也适用于电磁学中的许多复杂问题，如频率敏捷模式转换器。由于射频元件在共振条件下工作，这被认为是一个难以优化的参数。TO 用于 X 波段范围内的同轴到矩形波导转换器。选择的辐射元件是一个带接地挡板的贴片天线。原始设计被转换为二进制材料分布矩阵，其中每个单元被分配一个 0 或 1 的值，同时确保单元之间的连接性。然后通过 BPSO 算法改变单元值，以优化工作带宽，从而产生一种复杂的结构，其带宽比控制带宽大 38%。优化后的贴片结构已经制作完成，其性能在 8-12 GHz 频率范围内得到了验证。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Scientific Reports Natural Science Disciplines-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

19567

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： We publish original research from all areas of the natural sciences, psychology, medicine and engineering. You can learn more about what we publish by browsing our specific scientific subject areas below or explore Scientific Reports by browsing all articles and collections. Scientific Reports has a 2-year impact factor: 4.380 (2021), and is the 6th most-cited journal in the world, with more than 540,000 citations in 2020 (Clarivate Analytics, 2021). •Engineering Engineering covers all aspects of engineering, technology, and applied science. It plays a crucial role in the development of technologies to address some of the world''s biggest challenges, helping to save lives and improve the way we live. •Physical sciences Physical sciences are those academic disciplines that aim to uncover the underlying laws of nature — often written in the language of mathematics. It is a collective term for areas of study including astronomy, chemistry, materials science and physics. •Earth and environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences cover all aspects of Earth and planetary science and broadly encompass solid Earth processes, surface and atmospheric dynamics, Earth system history, climate and climate change, marine and freshwater systems, and ecology. It also considers the interactions between humans and these systems. •Biological sciences Biological sciences encompass all the divisions of natural sciences examining various aspects of vital processes. The concept includes anatomy, physiology, cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics, and covers all organisms from microorganisms, animals to plants. •Health sciences The health sciences study health, disease and healthcare. This field of study aims to develop knowledge, interventions and technology for use in healthcare to improve the treatment of patients.