Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit Extracts Against Gastrointestinal Pathogens: Enhancing Antibiotic Efficacy.

IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Gagan Tiwana, Ian Edwin Cock, Matthew James Cheesman
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Abstract

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn) Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz. are significant botanicals in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. They are renowned for their therapeutic properties, notably in addressing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. These plants have undergone thorough examination related to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which make them highly efficient natural treatments for controlling gastrointestinal infections. The current research demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of fruit extracts of Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula against Bacillus cereus, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhimurium. We performed disc diffusion and liquid microdilution experiments to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. All extracts of Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula showed good antibacterial effects against B. cereus and S. flexneri. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 94 µg/mL to 556 µg/mL. The methanolic extracts from both plants also showed noteworthy antibacterial activity against S. sonnei and S. typhimurium, with MIC values of 755 µg/mL for both. Fractional inhibitory concentration studies revealed additive interactions between some conventional antibiotics and the plant extracts when used concurrently. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses revealed that the T. bellirica and T. chebula extracts contained various tannins including methyl gallate, propyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Lethality assays conducted using Artemia franciscana Kellogg nauplii indicated that all the plant extracts are non-toxic. The antibacterial properties and absence of toxicity in T. bellirica and T. chebula fruit extracts indicate their potential for antibiotic development, warranting additional mechanistic and phytochemical studies.

黄芩的植物化学分析及抑菌活性Roxb。和Terminalia chebula Retz。水果提取物抗胃肠道病原菌:提高抗生素疗效。
黄尾草(黄尾草)和Terminalia chebula Retz。是古代阿育吠陀医学中重要的植物药。它们以其治疗特性而闻名,特别是在治疗胃肠道疾病方面。这些植物的抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化特性经过了全面的研究,使它们成为控制胃肠道感染的高效天然疗法。本研究证实了大黄和大黄果实提取物对蜡样芽孢杆菌、索内志贺氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌的抑菌作用。采用圆盘扩散实验和液体微量稀释实验对其抑菌效果进行评价。桔梗和桔梗提取物对蜡样芽孢杆菌和福氏弧菌均有较好的抑菌效果。最小抑制浓度(MIC)范围为94µg/mL ~ 556µg/mL。两种植物的甲醇提取物对sonnei和S. typhimurium的MIC值均为755µg/mL。分数抑制浓度研究表明,当同时使用时,一些常规抗生素和植物提取物之间存在加性相互作用。液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)分析表明,白莲和雪莲提取物含有多种单宁,包括没食子酸甲酯、没食子酸丙酯、没食子酸和鞣花酸。用阿耳蒿(Artemia franciscana Kellogg nauplii)进行的致死试验表明,所有植物提取物均无毒。白莲果和chebula果实提取物的抗菌特性和无毒性表明它们在抗生素开发方面的潜力,需要进一步的机械和植物化学研究。
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来源期刊
Microorganisms
Microorganisms Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
6.70%
发文量
2168
审稿时长
20.03 days
期刊介绍: Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses and prions. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.
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