Mitigating matrix effects in oil and gas wastewater analysis: LC-MS/MS method for ethanolamines†

IF 4.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Glen Andrew D. de Vera, Loredana Caldiero, Giovanni Conte and Desirée L. Plata
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Abstract

The high salinity and organic content in oil and gas wastewaters can cause ion suppression during liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis, diminishing the sensitivity and accuracy of measurements in available methods. This suppression is severe for low molecular weight organic compounds such as ethanolamines (e.g., monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and N,N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA)). Here, we deployed solid phase extraction (SPE), mixed-mode LC, triple quadrupole MS with positive electrospray ionization (ESI), and a suite of stable isotope standards (i.e., one per target compound) to correct for ion suppression by salts and organic matter, SPE losses, and instrument variability. The method was evaluated in produced water samples from Italy (NaCl salinity from 8110–18 100 mg L−1; diesel range organic compounds ranging from 5.1–7.9 mg L−1). After correcting for matrix effects, ethanolamines in produced water samples were quantified. The first batch of samples (March 2019) had 37–646 μg L−1 total ethanolamines. The second batch of samples (September 2019) had greater ethanolamine content of 77–3976 μg L−1 which was attributed to a reduced water cut during oil production, enhancing the proportionate abundance of these compounds in the aqueous phase. In all samples, DEA and MEA were the dominant ethanolamine species. Possible sources (e.g., corrosion inhibitor and biotransformation) and natural attenuation potential during storage (e.g., at different temperatures, acidification, and addition of sodium azide) were investigated. The developed analytical method enables further investigation of the fate of low molecular weight organic additives in oil and gas development and provides an enhanced ability to evaluate risks associated with chemical release to the environment.

Abstract Image

缓解基质在油气废水分析中的影响:乙醇胺的LC-MS/MS方法。
油气废水中的高盐度和高有机含量会在液相色谱-质谱(LC/MS)分析过程中导致离子抑制,从而降低现有方法测量的灵敏度和准确性。这种抑制对于低分子量有机化合物如乙醇胺(例如,单乙醇胺(MEA),二乙醇胺(DEA),三乙醇胺(TEA), N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)和N,N-乙基二乙醇胺(EDEA))是严重的。在这里,我们部署了固相萃取(SPE)、混合模式LC、三重四极杆质谱与正电喷雾电离(ESI),以及一套稳定同位素标准(即每个目标化合物一个)来纠正盐和有机物的离子抑制、SPE损失和仪器可变性。对意大利采出水样进行了评价(NaCl盐度为8110 ~ 18 100 mg L-1;柴油的有机化合物含量在5.1-7.9 mg L-1之间。校正基质效应后,对采出水样中的乙醇胺进行定量。第一批样品(2019年3月)总乙醇胺含量为37 ~ 646 μg。第二批样品(2019年9月)的乙醇胺含量更高,为77-3976 μ L-1,这是由于采油过程中含水减少,提高了这些化合物在水相中的比例丰度。在所有样品中,DEA和MEA是乙醇胺的优势种。研究了可能的来源(如缓蚀剂和生物转化)和储存过程中的自然衰减电位(如不同温度、酸化和添加叠氮化钠)。开发的分析方法可以进一步研究低分子量有机添加剂在油气开发中的命运,并提高评估化学物质释放到环境中的风险的能力。
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来源期刊
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
3.60%
发文量
202
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts publishes high quality papers in all areas of the environmental chemical sciences, including chemistry of the air, water, soil and sediment. We welcome studies on the environmental fate and effects of anthropogenic and naturally occurring contaminants, both chemical and microbiological, as well as related natural element cycling processes.
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