In-situ modification of wood polymer via impregnation with ultra-low molar ratio urea-formaldehyde resins

IF 2.4 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Sarah Augustina, Wahyu Dwianto,  Narto, Adik Bahanawan, Prabu S. Sejati, Yusup Amin, Teguh Darmawan, Imam Wahyudi, Lina Karlinasari, Ika Juliana, Hiroshi Isoda, Philippe Gérardin, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
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Abstract

This study investigates how the impregnation of ultra-low molar ratio urea-formaldehyde (UL-UF) resins with formaldehyde to urea (F/U) mole ratio of 0.8 at various curing temperatures affects wood characteristics, including density, weight percent gain (WPG), weight loss (WL), and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE). The UL-UF resins were synthesized using a modified alkaline-acid-alkaline process, resulting in low viscosity, low crystallinity, and low curing temperature of resins. The impregnation technique started by immersing sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) wood in UL-UF resins at a volume ratio of 1.0:1.1, subjecting to a vacuum of -50 cmHg for 30 min, and applying 7 kgf.cm-2 of pressure for 3 h at 25 ± 2 °C. The treated wood was cured at temperatures of 120, 140, 160, and 180 °C for 30 min. This research revealed that there was a successful in-situ modification of wood with UL-UF resin, as confirmed by SEM micrographs, XRD and semi-quantitative FTIR analysis. The UL-UF-impregnated wood had a higher WPG and density than untreated wood. Greater curing temperatures were linked to decrease WPG, density, and WL values, but higher ASE. Lowering the curing temperature induces higher WL and decreased ASE owing to under-curing in the core layer, while raising the curing temperature promotes faster curing and gelation time, resulting in the opposite effect.

Abstract Image

超低摩尔比脲醛树脂浸渍原位改性木质聚合物
本研究考察了超低摩尔比脲醛(UL-UF)树脂在不同固化温度下,甲醛与尿素(F/U)摩尔比为0.8的浸渍对木材特性的影响,包括密度、增重率(WPG)、减重率(WL)和抗膨胀效率(ASE)。采用改进的碱-酸-碱工艺合成了低粘度、低结晶度、低固化温度的UL-UF树脂。浸渍工艺首先将松木(Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen)浸泡在体积比为1.0:1.1的UL-UF树脂中,在-50 cmHg的真空条件下浸渍30分钟,浸渍量为7 kgf。cm-2的压力,在25±2°C下3小时。处理后的木材在120、140、160和180℃的温度下固化30 min。本研究表明,通过SEM显微图、XRD和半定量FTIR分析,UL-UF树脂成功地对木材进行了原位改性。与未经处理的木材相比,ul - uf浸渍木材具有更高的WPG和密度。较高的固化温度会降低WPG、密度和WL值,但会增加ASE。由于核心层未充分固化,降低固化温度会导致WL升高,ASE降低,而提高固化温度则会加快固化时间和凝胶化时间,导致相反的效果。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 工程技术-材料科学:纸与木材
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
124
审稿时长
6.0 months
期刊介绍: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products reports on original research and new developments in the field of wood and wood products and their biological, chemical, physical as well as mechanical and technological properties, processes and uses. Subjects range from roundwood to wood based products, composite materials and structural applications, with related jointing techniques. Moreover, it deals with wood as a chemical raw material, source of energy as well as with inter-disciplinary aspects of environmental assessment and international markets. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products aims at promoting international scientific communication and transfer of new technologies from research into practice.
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