Advances of immunosensors based on noble metal composite materials for detecting procalcitonin

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI:10.1007/s00604-025-06953-0

Yuxin Pei, Lin Chen, Yihang Zhao, Qian Lei, Yongzhen Yang, Jie Hu, Xuguang Liu

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Abstract

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a reliable biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring bacterial infections and sepsis. PCT exhibits good stability both in vivo and in vitro, and its levels drastically increase in response to bacterial infection or inflammatory reactions in the human body, making it a dependable indicator for sepsis diagnosis and monitoring with significant implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment guidance. Currently, immunosensors are widely utilized in PCT detection due to their high sensitivity and low detection limits. Noble metals, because of their excellent electronic conductivity, biocompatibility, and superior physicochemical properties, are extensively combined with other materials to play a pivotal role in the construction of PCT immunosensors. This review summarizes the research progress on PCT antigen immunosensors based on noble metal composite materials, encompassing the classification and principles of immunosensors. Starting from noble metals, which are widely used as electrode materials in sensors, the review categorizes and discusses the carbon materials, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and other composites with noble metals. The review also elaborates on the influence of sensitive materials on the performance of immunosensors. Finally, the review discusses and anticipates the challenges and future opportunities for the research on PCT antigen immunosensors using noble metal-composite nanomaterials, providing new insights and directions for their application in the treatment and clinical management of sepsis and other diseases.

Graphical Abstract

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贵金属复合材料免疫传感器检测降钙素原的研究进展

降钙素原（PCT）是诊断和监测细菌感染和败血症的可靠生物标志物。PCT在体内和体外均表现出良好的稳定性，在人体内对细菌感染或炎症反应的反应中，PCT水平急剧升高，是脓毒症诊断和监测的可靠指标，对临床诊断和指导治疗具有重要意义。目前，免疫传感器以其灵敏度高、检出限低的特点在PCT检测中得到广泛应用。贵金属由于其优异的电子导电性、生物相容性和优越的物理化学性质，被广泛地与其他材料结合，在PCT免疫传感器的构建中起着举足轻重的作用。本文综述了基于贵金属复合材料的PCT抗原免疫传感器的研究进展，包括免疫传感器的分类和原理。本文从广泛应用于传感器电极材料的贵金属出发，对碳材料、金属氧化物、金属硫化物以及其他贵金属复合材料进行了分类和讨论。本文还详细阐述了敏感材料对免疫传感器性能的影响。最后，对贵金属复合纳米材料PCT抗原免疫传感器研究面临的挑战和未来的机遇进行了讨论和展望，为其在脓毒症等疾病的治疗和临床管理中的应用提供了新的见解和方向。图形抽象

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Microchimica Acta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

410

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： As a peer-reviewed journal for analytical sciences and technologies on the micro- and nanoscale, Microchimica Acta has established itself as a premier forum for truly novel approaches in chemical and biochemical analysis. Coverage includes methods and devices that provide expedient solutions to the most contemporary demands in this area. Examples are point-of-care technologies, wearable (bio)sensors, in-vivo-monitoring, micro/nanomotors and materials based on synthetic biology as well as biomedical imaging and targeting.